music exam 3 review

romantic

expression of the individual

jazz

expression of lived experience

20th century

breaking the system entirely

music moves from

Structure → Emotion → Experimentation → Abstraction

romantic era dates

c. 1800–1910

in the romantic era, music expresses

deep, personal emotion

in the romantic era, composers become

hero/genius figure

in the romantic era, music reflects

love, nature, death, nationalism, imagination

romantic era musical characteristics

chromatic harmony, rubato, expanded orchestra, long lyrical melodies, extreme dynamics

chromatic harmony

lots of key changes

rubato

flexible tempo

romantic sadness technique

minor keys, descending lines

romantic fear technique

chromaticism, tremolo

romantic surprise technique

sudden dynamics

romantic genre - lied (art song)

emotional storytelling (schubert)

romantic genre - character piece

short piano mood piece (chopin, schumann)

romantic genre - program music

music that tells a story

romantic - idee fixe (hector beriloz)

recurring theme representing a person/idea

ex: symphonie fantastique

romantic - leitmotif (richard wagner)

musical theme tied to a character or idea

used in opera (film music today uses this)

romantic composer - franz schubert

• master of lieder

• music = intimate emotional storytelling

romantic composer - frederic chopin

• piano-focused (nocturnes, mazkurkas

• emotional + national identity

romantic composer - robert schumann

character pieces (emotional miniatures)

romantic composer - pyotr illyich tchaikovsky

emotioonal extremes (ballets, symphonies)

jazz origin

rooted in african american traditions

jazz combines

african rhythm + improvisation

european harmony

jazz core musical features

improvisation, syncopation, blue notes, call & response

romantic genres

lied, character piece, program music

romantic key composers

franz schubert, frederic chopin, robert schumsnn, pyotr illyich tchaikovsky

jazz improvisation

-music created in real time

-makes every performance unique

jazz syncopation

• accents on unexpected beats

• creates energy and movement

jazz blue notes

Slightly “bent” pitches → emotional depth

jazz call and response

musical conversation

jazz important styles

blues, new orleans, swing(big band era), bepop

jazz blues

• 12 bar structure

• AAB lyrics

• emotion: sadness + resilience

jazz new orleans

• collective improvisation

• polyphonic texture

jazz swing (big band era)

• dance music

• large ensembles

jazz bepop

• fast, complex

• for listening, not dancing

jazz key figures

louis armstrong and duke ellington

jazz - loius armstrong

• trumpet + vocals

• made jazz a solo art form

jazz - duke ellington

elevated jazz to art music

20th century music big idea

music breaks away from all previous rules

20th century music - impressionism key composer

claude debussy

20th century music - impressionism features

• tone color > melody

• whole-tone scales

• floating, dream like sound

• music becomes atmosphere insstead of structure

20th century music - privitism & rhythm, igor stravinsky

• Rite of Spring → rhythm + violence

• Irregular meter

• Shocked audiences (riot!)

• rhythm becomes the man force

20th century music - atonality and expressionism, arnold schoenberg

• no tonal center

• 12-tone system

• music feels unstable

• emotion = fear, anxiety, pyschological tension

20th century music - modern experimentation artists

anton webern and charles ives

20th century music - anton webern

fragmented, pointillistic music

20th century music - charles ives

layered sound words

20th century music - minimalism key composers

stevie reich

philip glass

20th century music - minimalism features

repetition

steady pulse

gradual change

effect = hypnotic, meditative

20th century music - electronic music, karlheinz stockhausen

• music created with technology

• studio becomes the instrument