Respiration in Plants Vocabulary Practice

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 12: Respiration in Plants, focusing on glycolysis, fermentation, and ATP yields.

ATP utilization in Glycolysis

The use of ATP at two specific steps: the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-diphosphate.

Net gain of ATP in Glycolysis

The total of $2$ ATP molecules gained when a single molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Lactic acid fermentation energy release

A process where the amount of energy released from glucose is less than $7\%$.

Hexokinase

The enzyme that catalyses the first irreversible reaction of glycolysis, which is the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

Lactate fermentation

A metabolic process in which $CO_2$ is not released, distinguishing it from aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation.

Fermentation

An energy-releasing metabolic process in which the substrate is oxidised without the requirement of an external electron acceptor.

Overall goal of Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETS

The formation of ATP in small stepwise units rather than one large oxidation reaction.

NAD

The molecule responsible for removing electrons during the oxidation steps in glycolysis.

Spongy dough

The physical state of dough kept overnight in warm weather, caused by the process of fermentation.

Alcohol fermentation electron exchange

A process where triose phosphate serves as the electron donor and acetaldehyde serves as the electron acceptor.

Aerobic oxidation ATP yield

The production of $38$ ATP molecules from the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose.

Glucose-6-phosphate

The product formed in the first irreversible reaction of glycolysis when glucose is catalysed by hexokinase.

Triose phosphate

The electron donor in the process of alcohol fermentation.

Acetaldehyde

The electron acceptor in the process of alcohol fermentation.