history final

What was the 2nd Great awakening? How did it affect life in the US?

2nd religious revival. Brought people together, started ban of alcohol, education: lit

What movement led to the women’s movement?

Abolitionist movement

What was significant about the Seneca falls conv?

Discussed women’s rights. 1st meeting. Demanded rights

Temperance movement

Drinking less/no alcohol. Led to ban nationally

Abolitionist movement

Anti-slavery. Tried to send freed slaves to Africa- did nothing.

What were reasons southerners supported slavery

Industry benefit. Believed slaves were better under whites control. Issued gag order- not talk about slavery

Compromise of 1850

Let cali be a FREE state. Balanced free and slave states. Popular sovereignty in new territories.

Dred Scott Decision

Blacks-not citizens. Cannot sue. Slavery allowed in territories

How did the election of 1860 lead to war

Lincoln won. South feared slavery would end. Southern states seceded to the civil war

What event began civil war

Battle of fort Sumter

What strengths did the north have at the begging of war

Population. Weapons (factories). Boats, trains, canals. Food. Strats

Strengths of the south at the beginning of the war

Military leaders. Spirit to win land. Trained fighters. Knew the land

Importance of the unions control over border states… whats 1 ex

They were Loyal and provided resources and prevented south from gaining power. Ex Maryland surrounded Washington DC

What was the goal of the union army in the west

Mississippi River

Emancipation proclamation? How did it affect the confederacy.

An order to free confed slaves. Did nothing

Why did Lincoln wait until after the union victory to announce the emancipation proclamation?

Wanted the north to win and he also wanted to look strong.

What’s habeas corpus? What was the purpose and result of Lincoln suspending it?

Legal process, ensuring the government has a legal reason to keep someone in jail. Can throw anyone who’s talking bad about the government in jail. He suspended it

What’s a copperhead?

A piece democrat from the Midwest who called for immediate and to war

Why did many criticize the northern draft of 1863?

Rich people got out of war, poor people had to fight

What was the purpose of President Lincoln’s Gettysburg address?

To remind the union, what they were fighting for

Why was the battle of Gettysburg the turning point of the war?

Confederacy will never invade north or beyond offense again. They also lost support of Great Britain and France.

What did General William Tecumseh Sherman contribute to the union war effort? What was total war?

He led the march to sea. total war is destroying civilian and economic resources

What was women’s rules during the Civil War?

Spies. Nurses. Helped on farms and factories.

Who is Claire Barton? What was her role in Civil War?

Volunteer nurse who organized medicine and supplies. She formed the basics of American Red Cross.

Where did Robert E Lee surrender? why

Appomattox courthouse. Realize it’s not worth fighting and lack of men and supplies.

What was the main goal of reconstruction?

To bring back former Confederate states

How was the Wade Davis bill different from the 10% plan?

The bill brought back the south and was strict and loyal. The plan brought back four more confederate states and was not loyal.

Freedman’s bureau. How did it affect education for free slaves in the south?

Helped poor Southerners. Created education in the south by creating schools.

What were black codes? Why did southern governments pass them?

Laws aimed at controlling freed men and women. Gov passed them to control their freedom

What was the 14th amendment how to change African-American life?

Defined citizenship. Made it that they had legal rights and had to be treated equally.

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?

He vetoed bills

What was the 15th amendment who criticized it?

Gave African-American voting rights. Women because they were jealous.

Why was the KKK created? How did they demonstrate their anger towards African-Americans?

Group who use violence and fear towards African-Americans.

Why did the KKK gain power in the south?

The government didn’t stop them

What was the compromise of 1877? What was the direct effect of it?

It was to resolve the unsolved election. The effects were it ended reconstruction Jim Crow laws and segregation increase and African-Americans lost their rights.

(77-AA)

What were Jim Crow laws?

Laws that kept Races separate.

What was the verdict/ decision of plessy v Ferguson?

The verdict was the court ruled “separate but equal”. Segregation was legal.

What was the main activity of a cow hand?

Driving cattle

What animal did Native Americans live in the Great Plains depend on

Buffalo

Why did conflict between whites and Native Americans start

Whites took land and built railroads and hunted Buffalo

What’s a reservation? What issues did they cause Native Americans?

Land set aside for natives. Problems were poor land, loss of culture, no free freedom.

In 1874 why did Lieutenant insist the Sioux give up their reservation land in the Black Hills?

He found gold in Black Hills. Wanted SIOUX land open to whites.

what was the Homestead act?

Gay free land 160 acres to settlers for $10 and they must live on a farmland for five years

How did the railroad pave the way for growth and expansion?

Open the west of settlers. Connected to coast and territories.

what’s the Bessemer process? what industry this impact?

Made steel faster and cheaper to make lead to mass production

What affected the assembly line have on the automobile industry

Cars were more affordable, changed travel, and daily life

how did Rockefeller get rid of his competition and gain control of the oil industry?

He bought out competitors and used horizontal integration.

ROCKET-OIL-HORRIZONTAL

How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the steel industry?

Use vertical integration. And owned mine railroads and Mills

CARNEGIE-STEEL-VERTICAL

What was the Sherman antitrust act? What was it significance?

Law against monopolies. Broke up huge companies

Why did labor unions form?

To fight for better pay and to improve safety and hours

What’s collective-bargaining

Workers bargaining power for better pay and working conditions

How was the night of labor‘s membership different than the membership of the AFL

KOL- skilled and unskilled workers-wanted reforms

AFL- skilled workers only-want to higher wages and shorter hours

Who is Mary Harris Jones? What’s her contribution?

Fought child, labor, and organized, minors and workers

Pullman strike. What caused it? What happened and how did it end?

Pay cut, rent was the same. Workers stopped working. Ended by federal troops being brought in

why did many people immigrate to the United States?

Economic hardships in homeland and overcrowding and poverty

Who were nativists

People who are anti-immigrant

Why were reasons people opposed immigration?

People felt they didn’t fit in and blamed immigrants for crime and unemployment

What contributed to city growth?

Immigrants, African-Americans, new inventions, railroads

What problems did cities face and how did they fix the problems?

Garbage, waste, manure, crime, sickness. They got public health centers and garbage men. Children were also checked of disease.

What’s mass transit? what it’s effect?

Public transportation. It move people around and in and out of cities.

What’s a settlement house? What did Jane Adams settlement house provide?

It’s a place where people go to get assistance. Jane Adams house provided skills to get immigrants used to living in the US.

Who is Joseph Pulitzer? What’s his contribution to city life

A newspaper editor who creates colored comic strips. Leads to mass culture of newspapers.

Jacob riis? What did he contribute?

He was a photographer. Takes pics of 10 minutes to raise improvement.

Frederick Law, Olmstead? What did he contribute to city life?

Landscape architect who designed parks

What are political machines?

Powerful organizations that use legal and legal methods to get public office candidates

Who were muck crackers? What did they accomplish?

Journalist who wrote about the problems of society and newspapers

Who is Upton Sinclair? What did he contribute?

Muck cracker wrote book the jungle and pass pure food and drug act

What’s the 16th amendment? What did it do?

Allowed Congress to tax people’s income for the federal government.

FEDERAL INCOME TAX 7+6+3=16

What’s the 17th amendment? What did it do?

Allowed Americans to directly vote for US senators

(SEVEN SENATORS)

Who are some important figures of the women suffrage movement

Elizabeth Caddy, Stanton, Susan B Anthony, alice Paul

How did women draw attention to the women’s suffrage movement

Parades. Demonstrations. Picketing. Protest.

What was the 18th amendment? What did it do?

Band alcohol

8= 2 cups of ALCOHOL

What was the 19th amendment? What did it do?

Gave women the right to vote

19 upside down -67 women=67

How did Theodore Roosevelt help the conservation movement?

He regulated business. Square deal and broke up trust

How did Taft and Roosevelt differ in their presidencies?

Roosevelt broke up trust and had stronger regulation

Taft, more legal and cautious and sued more trust. He was less aggressive.

What’s the 1913 federal reserve act what did it do?

Regulated banks and created a national bank

What did Woodrow Wilson push for when he became president?

Regulating banks and lowering tariffs

what was the APA and who were they against?

A group of anti Catholics. Catholics

What was the Chinese exclusion act?

Prevented Chinese immigrants from coming in the US

what was the NAACP what was their goal?

A group who fought for African-American civil rights. Their goal was for African-Americans to get equal voting and legal rights.

Who was WEB du Bois how do he believe African-Americans would gain equality

He was an activist who believed gain the rights of a vote would end racial inequality and lynching

Who was Booker T. Washington? How did he believe African-Americans would gain equality

He believe African-Americans should get an education to gain civil rights money and social equality

How did Native Americans fight against discrimination? Why did Native Americans often avoid help during the progressive era?

Protest, legal action, culture. They’ve avoided help because the government was unfair and controlling.

How did Mexican Americans create positive changes in their communities

Mutualistas or aid groups

City planner role

Designed and organized cities and neighborhoods roads, park, housing, and spaces

What’s imperialism?

Where a country expands control over other lands and uses them for power resources, and trade

Two reasons European countries and the US practiced imperialism

1. raw material, and new markets

2. Desire of military power and global influence

What did Liliukalani propose after she became queen of Hawaiian islands

She tried to restore power to native Hawaiians. Opposed US influence in Hawaii.

What’s the open door policy?

All countries can trade equally with China. No single nation controls China’s markets.

What are spheres of influence?

Areas where a country has special control over trade/power

What’s yellow journalism?

Exaggerated news used to sell newspapers and influence people’s opinion

What was the result of the explosion of the USS Maine?

Killed US sailors and made people mad, which was the start of the Spanish American war

What were the results of the Spanish American war? What did the winner gain?

The US defeated Spain. The US gained Puerto Rico, Guam in the Philippines.

What obstacles did workers face when constructing the Panama Canal?

They face disease (malaria and yellow fever) and problems like the jungle and mountain