Unit 1 Cell structure and Function

What are the 3 parts of cell theory?

All organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all cells come from preexisting cells

Who first used the term cell?

Robert Hooke

Who first observed microorganisms?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

What are the 4 macromolecules?

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids

Monomer of proteins?

Amino acids

Bond linking amino acids?

Peptide bond

Primary protein structure?

Amino acid sequence

Secondary protein structures?

Alpha helix and beta sheet

What is tertiary structure?

Overall 3D shape

What is quaternary structure?

Multiple polypeptide subunits

What amino acid is a helix breaker?

Proline

Monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

Function of nucleic acids?

Store genetic information

DNA sugar?

Deoxyribose

RNA sugar?

Ribose

DNA base not in RNA?

Thymine

RNA base not in DNA?

Uracil

Bond linking nucleotides?

Phosphodiester bond

DNA direction?

5’ to 3’

Monomer of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

Plant energy storage polysaccharide?

Starch

Animal energy storage polysaccharide?

Glycogen

Plant cell wall polysaccharide?

Cellulose

Alpha glycosidic bonds form?

Flexible helices

Beta glycosidic bonds form?

Rigid structures

Building blocks of lipids?

Fatty acids and glycerol

Function of lipids?

Membranes and long-term energy

Saturated fats are?

Less fluid

Unsaturated fats are?

More fluid