lockout contextualisation
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1. causes and consequences // 2. support and opposition of the itgwu's goals // 3. role of james larkin // 4. was the lockout a success or failure
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104 Terms
nr of families living in tenements
30k
fraction of the pop living in tenements
1/3 of pop
one tenement houses…people
100
one tenement room houses…people
8-12
fraction of deaths linked to poor housing conditions
1/3 of deaths
average wage of male
18 shillings
wage needed to support a family of 4
20 shillings
nr of labourers in dublin
40k
nr of unskilled labourers in dublin
25k
wages paid where
pubs
social issues bc of pub wages
x2
alcoholism
prostitution
worst rates in europe
crime rates
what happened to employees who complained
blacklisted
reality for unskilled workers
x10
long hours
low wages
no job security
no union
no voice
no representation
not seen as a social class
no social welfare
no pension
no sick pay
what pushed workers towards trade union memberships
x2
poverty and insecurity
quote about poverty
padraig yeates
historian
poverty was a permanent…
poverty was ‘a permanent condition of life for thousands of dublin workers’
itgwu founded when
1909
itgwu founded by who
james larkin
itgwu hq
liberty hall
itwgu aims
x4
organise 30k skilled and semi-skilled workers
pressure employers
promote industrial unionism and mass membership
collective action
political wing of itwgu
labour party
labour set up by who
x3
james connolly
william x o’brien
james larkin
labour set up when
nov 1912
employer fears
x3
higher wages
reduced profits
loss of managerial control
membership nrs
x2
4000 in 1910
18000 in 1913
quote about itgwu
emmet o’connor
historian
itgwu marked a…
itgwu marked a new phase in irish labour organisation
leader of employers federation
william martin murphy
nr of members in EF
400
murphy owned what
x5
dublin united tramway company
clery’s department store
sunday independent
evening herald
imperial hotel
how did murphy respond to itgwu
x3
sacked itwgu members
enforced anti-union pledges
financially blackmail workers
term referring to radical nature of larkin
larkinism
quote on employers response on itwgu
fintan lane
employers viewed….
employers viewed unionism as a challenge to social authority
lockout dates and length
august 1913 - jan 1914
7 months
where did lockout start
tramways strike called during dublin horse show
larkin arrested for Q
‘seditious speaking’
nr of workers locked out
20k
nr of dependants affected
100k
employers refused what
negotiation
authorities banned what
public meetings
larkin speaks to a crowd of how many on o’connell street
10k
police groups x2
dublin metropolitan police
royal irish constabulary
bl*ody sunday when
31 august 1913
how many deaths from B sunday
2
type of strike associated with lockout
sympathetic strikes
what developed as a result of the lockout
severe hunger and malnutrition
soup kitchens set up by who
cumann na mban
amt of money raised by british tuc
£10k
ica set up by who
james connolly
why ica set up
strikers faced with police brutality and violation
children sent where and what was the scheme called
britain
kiddie scheme
why was church opposed to kiddie scheme
fear of protestant influence
quote from church
2 words
‘godless britain’
quote about ending the lockout
padraig yeates
starvation….
‘starvation, not compromise, ended the dispute’
how did workers return to work
quit itgwu and went to work
who won
employers industrially
where did larkin leave for
usa
why did larkin leave
to raise funds for itgwu
state position
not neutral
biased towards employers
itgwu now
siptu
lockout remembered as what
turning point in irish labour history
quote about post-lockout and labour
historian fintan lane
the lockout forced labour to…
the lockout forced labour ‘to think politically rather than industrially alone’
quote about labour
emmet o’connor
the lockout laid…
the lockout laid foundations of modern irish labour politics
liberty hall uses
x5
itgwu hq
relief distribution centre
meetings
planning
propaganda
quote about itgwu efforts
fintan lane
the itgwu gave workers…
the itgwu gave workers collective strength previously unavailable
quote on community support
padraig yeates
the lockout became…
the lockout became a community-wide crisis
amt of money raised by british labour movement
£150k
quote about international support
emmet o’connor
larkin succeeded in…
larkin succeeded in internationalising the dispute
employers controlled what media
the press
employers portrayed itgwu as what
violent
quote about employer opposition
padraig yeates
murphy aimed…
murphy aimed to destroy the union
british gov refused what
intervention
askwith inquiry when
1913
askwith inquiry quote
no community…
‘no community could exist if resort to sympathetic strikes became the general policy of trade unionism’
askwith issue with employers
x2
fault with pledge
no right to deny membership of itgwu
what used to protect strikebreakers
troops
quote about state
padraig yeates
the state sided…
the state sided with property and order
james larkin described as a what
1 positive word
pioneer
larkin gave what
a voice to the voiceless
quote about larkin organising itgwu
emmet o’connor
describes larkin as…
describes larkin as the architect of mass unionism in ireland
larkin recognised who
the unrecognisable
quote ab larkin as a leader
padraig yeates
larkin gave workers….
larkin gave workers confidence and purpose
when were public meetings banned
aug 1913
larkin’s arrest became what
major catalyst for violence
how many injured from b sunday
100s
why is larkin’s arrest important
x3
transformed an industrial dispute into a civil liberties crisis
exposed state alignment with employers
increased radicalisation of workers
quote ab larkin + conflict
fintan lane
larkin forced…
larkin forced confrontation rather than compromise
quote ab larkin + labour
padraig yeates
without larkin, labour would not…
without larkin, labour would not have emerged as a major political force in early 20th century ireland
what kind of ideas did connolly and labour have
socialist
quote ab larkins legacy
emmet o’connor
without larkin there is no…
without larkin there is no lockout on this scale
primary goal of lockout
employer recognition of the union and acceptance of collective bargaining
when did lockout start
aug 1913
when did lockout end
jan 1914
what was not achieved in the union
no recognition
what forced workers back
hunger
employers maintained what
x4
control over hiring and firing
rejection of itgwu influence
anti-union pledges staying in place
success in breaking sustained collective resistance
reasons lockout failed
x6
goals not achieved
strikers went back to work
no union recognition
hunger + malnutrition
evictions
opposition from catholic church
quote ab lockout failure + human cost
fintan lane
the poorest…
‘the poorest paid the highest price’
larkin + murphy playing what
playing chess with peoples lives
how many members in siptu 2026
200k+
reasons for success
x3
itgwu survived
working class consciousness strengthened
rise of labour politics + radicalised