HISTORY OF ARTS AND INTERIOR DESIGN (PHILIPPINES)

Manunggul Jar

Found in the Tabon Caves of Palawan. Funerary vessel.

Burnay

Ilocano native term for large earthenware, mainly used for fermentation and storage of liquid.

Tapayan

Southern Tagalog term for a water container for the kitchen

Palayok

Cookware

Banga

Storage of drinking water

Vigan Tiles

Red, high-polished tiles associated with the Spanish Colonial houses in Vigan

Banig

A handwoven mat for sleeping and sitting

Malong

Maguindanao tube skirts usually in ikat

T'nalak

Traditional cloth woven by the T'boli women of Lake Sebu

Ikat

A style of weaving that uses a resist dyeing process similar to tie-dye on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design.

Binacol

"Twill" in Ilocano, a variation of the abel. Rcognized by its uniform, interlocked geometric patterns that result in psychedelic optical art designs that represents the waves of the sea and protection against malevolent spirits

Inabel/Abel

Iloco woven fabric of cotton yarns with floral designs using age-old traditional weaving techniques

Basketry

the process of making a basket which is a receptacle made of interwoven fibrous material

Ling-ling-o

Ifugao fertility jewelry used as a necklace pendant or earring, often as a wedding gift

Gadur

Maranao ceremonial vessel for wedding gifts

Galang

Traditional brass or bronze vessel

Lotoan or Betel

Nut containers

Bulul

Ifugao wood carving of their rice god

Kinib bigat/Kinabagat

Central post/king post in an ifugao house of the same carved human figure as the bulul

Hagabi

Ifugao wooden bench with a slightly arched midsection, ultimate symbol and proof of owners economic and political power

Binabuy

Ifugao pig sculptures

Ukkil (Tausug) / Okir (Maranao)

"Leaf-and-vine" pattern motif associated with Mindanaoan woodcarving

Sarimanok

A bird or cock-form symbol of a messenger

Cave Dwellings

Angono, Rizal - carved figures on cave walls.

The Tabon Cave

The largest and oldest cave dwelling found in southwest of Palawan

The Cordillera Rice Terraces

2000 year old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao

Lean-to Dwelling

A botanic windscreen with a windpole support

Bahay Kubo

Style dwelling of the lowland areas that is comprised of a triangular roof, free-standing support and elevated house cube

Balkon

Front porch

Bulwagan

Multi purpose main room

Silid

Bedroom

Cocina

Kitchen

Batalan

Roofless back porch: serves as cleaning area and wash room

Rakuh

Ivatan traditional house of stone and mortar

Panpet

A big roof net to protect the dwellers in a Rakuh house

Binuron

Isneg one room abode with a large concave roof that resembles an inverted traditional Isneg boat

Binayon

kalinga house that is octagonal in shape for the wealthy families

F/Bale

Ifugao house for the affluent whose pyramidal hipped roof covers the floor of the house

Tukud

Post

Halipan

Cylindrical rat guard

Badjao House Boat

With a detachable a frame roof, and is supported by a "katig" that allows the boat to float steadily

Bay Sinug

Traditional tausug house on stilts supported by a pitched roof. It is distinguished by carved wooden finials tadjuk pasung placed on one or both ends of the roof

T'boli Long House

Built on six foot stilts, generally about 50 feet long and nearly 30 feet wide, they are typically constructed of bamboo,wood, and palm fronds

Torogan

(Sleeping place) the house of the sultan,known for its colorful "panolong" butterfly wing floor beam ends with a pako rabong (fern) or naga/dragon motif

Naga

Sanskrit for dragon/serpent

Represents the cosmological model for wave or water

Langgal (Tausung & Yakan) or Ranggar (Maranao)

Mosque / "To Meet" - can accommodate a small group of worshippers commonly built in rural areas

Masjid or Masked

Mosque / a larger more permanent structure that includes a dome and minaret

Spanish Colonial Art

Period where colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images

Jose Luciano Dans

The earliest recorded painters in Philippine art history. Work: Langit, Lupa at Impierno

Damian Domingo y Gabor

The most popular artist who worked in the tipos del pais style

Jose Honorato Lozano

Developed a style that combines both tipos del pais style and genre paintings.

Work: Letras y Figuras

Juan Novicio Luna & Felix Resureccion Hidalgo

Became the first international Filipino artists after winning gold and silver in the 1884 Madrid Exposition

Juan Novicio Luna

Work: Spoliarium

Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

Work: Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacio

Retablo

the Spanish word for altarpiece. A decorative screen set behind an altar

Relleves

Images carved in relief, depict the Via Crucis

Santos

Religious images

Bastidor Santo

A mannequin type intended to be dressed with clothing and accessories

Juan de los Santos

Earliest known sculptor in the Philippines.

La Doctrina Christiana en la Lengua Espanola y Tagala

The Christian Doctrine in Spanish and Tagalog Language; first book printed in the country

Juan de Veyra

A chinese convert who engraved the wood cut on the book La Doctrina Christiana

Reduccion

Grouping and reduction in number of formerly scattered barangays

Plaza Complex

Town planning in which the fort and the church were integrated centrally

Bahay na Bato

Spanish Colonial houses built with stone base and wood construction. An evolved bahay kubo with improved air circulation and lighting.

Accessoria

Apartment dwellings; single or two-storey structures having multiple units defined by common party walls shared by adjoining units separated door at the facade.

Tribunas

A screened gallery with entry from the second floor of the convent

Convento

Parish house or rectory

Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Concepcion

The Roman Catholic Minor Basilica in the capital of the Philippines. Distinguished by its Romanesque Style. (The Manila Cathedral)

Laoag Church

By Fr. Joseph Ruiz, known for its sinking bell tower.

Paoay Church

Agustinian church that has the largest bell tower. Probably the best known "earthquake Baroque" church in the Philippines. Distinguished by its enormous side buttresses with scroll-like bases.

Quiapo Church

Church is restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose Maria Zaragosa

San Agustin Church

By Fr. Juan Macias, the first religious structure built in the island of Luzon; the only stone church of its size that is still standing as initially built. Also one of the very few built with true barrel vaulting.

San Sebastian

One of first steel buildings, steel from Belgium by Eiffel

Taal Church, Batangas

Biggest church in South East Asia, by Fr. Martin Aguirre

Miag-ao Church, Iloilo

Unusual Aztec like bas-relief in the facade depicting St. Christopher carrying the baby Jesus through a tropical forest

Fort San Pedro, Cebu

The first fort in the country

Nuestra Senora de Guia (Intramuros)

The first stone fort in the country

Fort Santiago

Fort named after the patron saint of Spain, it was built at a sharp angle between a river and a bay, it formed a citadel.

Palacio de Gobierno / Palacio Real

Residence of the highest official of the land

Ayuntamiento

The seat of colonial governance in the country

Real Audiencia or Tribunal

Trial court

Aduana

Customs house

Municipio / Casa de Municipal / Casa Real

Smaller version of the Ayuntamiento in provincial towns

Casa Hacienda

Housed the administration of the hacienda

American Colonial Period

Period where the new patrons, American officials, merchants and tourists lorded it over the arts. Classicism

Fabian dela Rosa

(1869-1937) The first painter of the note for the 20th century. Noted for his realistic paintings, genre and landscapes in subdued colors. He was the first dean of the UP Fine Arts School. Work: Rice Planters

Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto

(1892-1972) A student of Fabian dela Rosa, he is the first and among the few Filipino painter who have captured the different striking colors and character of the country's magnificent sunlight. Works: Dalagang Bukid, Planting Rice

Guillermo Tolentino

Sculptor for the Bonifacio Monument and Oblation in UP. Trained in the classical style in Rome

Beaux Arts

A style of urban design that sought to combine the best elements of all of the classic architectural styles

Chalet

A single-storey raised slightly above the ground, constructed in reinforced concrete and wood; with an extended veranda in front.

The Burnham Plan

Planning concerned in building education. Planned by David H. Burnham and executed by William Parsons. Also developed waterfront, location of parks and parkways, street system from one district to the other, waterways and transportation.

City Beautiful Movement

Movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impart order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world.

Daniel H. Burnham

The father of the City Beautiful movement

William Parsons

1st Generation Architect: PGH, UP Hall in Padre Faura, Manila Hotel

Juan Arellano

The 1st pensionados in architecture: UP Palma Hall, UP Benitez Hall, UP Malcolm Hall, The Legislative Building, Jones Bridge, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Manila Post Office, Supreme Court (VIllamor Hall / UP Manila) Rizal Memorial Stadium and the Met

Antonio Toledo

Consulting architect, pioneer professors of MIT: Manily City Hall and Bureau of Customs

Tomas Mapua

1st registered Architect: De La Salle College, CEU, Nurse's Home in PGH

Juan Nakpil

2nd generation Architect and 1st National Artist for Architecture: Arellano University, Manila Jockey Club, UP Admin and LIbrary

Andres Luna de San Pedro

Son of Juan Luna, introduced and used the Art Nouveau style; The Crystal Arcade and Regina Building

Pablo Antonio

2nd National Artist for Architecture: Bel-Air Apartments (Boulevard Alhambra), FEU, Ideal Theatre, Manila Polo Club