Anatomy: Mixed

What vessel is adjacent to the head of the pancreas?

Superior mesenteric artery

A muscle innervated by cranial nerve VII crosses the angle of the mouth to the upper lip and inserts into the skin near the median line.

What is a function of this muscle?

Emphasizes vocal communication

• This muscle is the triangularis

A tendon arises from a muscle that laterally rotates the humerus and inserts on the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

From what muscle does this tendon arise?

Teres minor

The transition of the neck and the arm is formed by the clavicle, scapula, upper thoracic wall, and humerus with related muscles.

What leaves this structure through the fascia inferior to the pectoralis minor muscle?

Lateral thoracic artery

A muscle extends from the coracoid process of the scapula to the midshaft of the humerus.

Which nerve innervates this muscle?

Musculocutaneous nerve

From coracoid process → midshaft of humerus is the coracobrachialis muscle

What muscle performs a flexion action despite its location on the posterior forearm?

Brachioradialis

An osteofibrous passageway leads from the wrist to the hand. What forms the anterior wall of this structure?

Flexor retinaculum

An osteofibrous passageway from wrist to hand is capal tunnel

Retinaculum = roof

An osteofibrous passageway leads from the wrist to the hand.

What enables free movement of tendons within this structure?

Synovial sheath

• a lubricated sleeve around tendons

• reduces friction

• lets tendons move easily

A group of muscles is associated with flexion of the wrist joint.

Which muscle of this group is also responsible for abduction of the wrist?

Flexor carpi radialis

RADIAL = goes toward the thumb = abduction

A structure separates the external ear from the middle ear. What is the general function of this structure?

Translate soundwaves into mechanical vibrations

The structure is the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

An alkaline solution of water, bile salts, bile pigments, phospholipids, electrolytes, cholesterol, and triglycerides is secreted to aid in digestion.

What does this solution secrete to protect from enteric infections?

IgA

A fossa is composed of the frontal bone, ethmoid bone, and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.

What structure is supported by the lateral boundaries of this fossa?

Frontal lobes of the cerebrum

That combination = anterior cranial fossa

A compartment runs the length of the thoracic cavity and lies between the pleural sacs.

What region of this structure is bordered by the first 4 thoracic vertebrae posteriorly?

Superior

T1–T4 → superior

A compartment runs the length of the thoracic cavity and lies between the pleural sacs.

Which region of this structure is innervated by the cardiac plexus?

Middle

The thoracic musculature works in unison to support respiration.

In what direction does the most superficial layer insert onto the rib below?

Inferior and medial

External intercostals:
👉 pull ribs for inspiration (breathing in)

The blood supply to the structure connecting the stomach and jejunum is shared with that of the head of the pancreas.

What supplies the proximal segment of this structure?

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

The structure is the duodenum

The upper abdominal cavity and contents are supplied with blood by an aorta.

Which paired visceral branching of this structure travels outside of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Testicular arteries

Muscles are located in the compartment responsible for hip flexion and knee extension.

Which of these muscles originates from the anterior superior iliac spine?

Sartorius

A complex hinged synovial joint is the largest of the body.

What muscle stabilizes the sesamoid bone of this structure?

Vastus lateralis

sesamoid bone = patella

The patella is stabilized by the quadriceps femoris group

A 2-day-old patient presents in the mother-baby unit with feeding intolerance. The patient was born at full term via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery but has had multiple episodes of bilious vomiting with feeds. Pregnancy was uncomplicated, with Apgar scores of 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. On exam, the patient is well-appearing but fussy. The abdomen is soft and non-tender with no palpable masses. An abdominal radiograph using oral contrast media demonstrates passage of the dye past a narrowing of the GI tract distal to the pylorus.

What is the most likely etiology of this feeding intolerance?

Annular pancreas

The brain and the spinal cord make up the human central nervous system. Which region of the spine does the lower end of the spinal cord itself stop?

Conus medullaris

• this is around L1-L2

• After is a is cauda equina which is the tail of nerves

The cord of a plexus is positioned medial to the second part of the axillary artery

What nerve originates from this cord?

Ulnar nerve

• this is the medial cord of the brachial plexus

An osteofibrous passageway leads from the wrist to the hand.

What lies in the proximal row of the osseous plane of this structure?

Scaphoid

• the passageway is the carpal tunnel

• Lateral → medial:

  • Scaphoid

  • Lunate

  • Triquetrum

  • Pisiform

The joint of the first metacarpal facilitates flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

What other bone makes up this joint?

Trapezium

• first metacarpal is the thumb

• Thumb sits on trapezium

• saddle joint

Bones of the skull are connected by synarthrosis.

Which of them runs between the posterior margin of the frontal bone and the parietal bones?

Coronal

• like a crown

Two atria are superior to two ventricles.

Which of these characteristically contains the crista terminalis?

Right Atrium

• muscular ridge

• between superior and inferior vena cava

• stores SA node

The two atria are superior to the two ventricles.

Which of these four chambers has the thickest wall?

Left ventricle

• has a larger work load

Right Atrium→Right Ventricle→Lungs→Left Atrium→Left Ventricle→Body

An external sac is located under the penis and is divided by a septum.

What does this structure contain?

Epididymis

A structure within the spermatic cord delivers sperm to the ejaculatory duct.

What lies near the junction of this structure and the seminal vesicle?

Prostate

• The structure is the vas deferens

A structure is composed of anterolateral and posterior regions, and it functions to protect the abdominal viscera.

What deep membranous layer of this structure is part of the subcutaneous tissue?

Scarper's fascia

From superficial → deep:

Skin → Camper fascia (fatty) → Scarpa fascia (membranous) → Muscle/aponeuroses → Peritoneum

The most dilated organ of the digestive system has the capacity to hold food.

Which portion of this structure is the largest?

Body

Right and left retroperitoneal bean-shaped organs excrete ammonia and urea.

What is anterior to the left-situated organ?

Descending colon

• LEFT kidney ↔ descending colon

• RIGHT kidney ↔ ascending colon

Right and left retroperitoneal bean-shaped organs excrete ammonia and urea.

What directly covers this structure?

Fibrous capsule

Kidney→Fibrous capsule→Perirenal fat→Renal fascia→Paranephric fat

Muscles are located in the compartment responsible for hip extension and knee flexion.

Which of these muscles originates from the linea aspera?

Biceps femoris

Multiple muscles activate to enable movement of the hip and increase stability of the body.

Which muscle of the posterior region of this group originates between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines?

Gluteus minimus

• it is also the deepest muscle in that area