5 - Geographic Information System Overview

This is from GIS and Measurement RNR 2102

What is Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

A computer-based system that provides capabilities for input, management, manipulation, and analysis of spatial data.

Why use GIS?

GIS can be used for surveying, mapping, renewable natural resource management, and making predictions to support improved decision-making. GIS is a powerful tool that can handle large amounts of data and is efficient if well organized like a database.

What GIS is not

GIS is not a computerized system for making maps or storing maps and pictures; it is a system that uses data as its foundation not the maps

Global Issues Addressed

GIS can be used to address global issues such as the ozone layer, global warming, acid rain, pollution, sedimentation and erosion

daily monitoring by satellites

weather, vegetation, ocean circulation, and land use.

Data Input

GIS can accept various types of data including maps, satellite imagery, attribute data, etc., which can be imported or created from scratch.

Data Management

GIS requires a well-organized and related database that considers user groups and goals to ensure efficiency.

Data Manipulation and Analysis

All activities in GIS can be automated, and manipulation and analysis can be done within the system or imported from external sources.

Output

GIS can generate various outputs such as maps, tables, texts, graphs, with a focus on graphics.

Aerial Photo Interpretation

A method of recognizing elements in aerial photos based on shape, size, pattern, shadow, tone/color, texture, association, and site. Topographic maps are useful for orientation.