cell structure and function

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Last updated 9:50 PM on 5/23/26

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19 Terms

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organelles specific to plant cells

Chloroplasts : photosynthesis

Cell Wall - gives structure

Large central vacuole - storage(smaller and more numerous in animal cells)

plasmodesmata - cell to cell communication (gaps in cell walls )

chromoplasts - pigment storage

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organelle specific to animal cells?

centriole - part of cell division

cilia/flagella - movement

lysosome -digest waste old cell parts

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what are cisternae?

Cisternae are flattened membrane sacs that help process, package, and transport proteins and other substances within the cell.”

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what is the nucleus?

Controls the cell and contains DNA.

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draw the structure of an animal cell

Nucleus

Controls the cell and contains DNA.

Mitochondria

Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Ribosome

Makes proteins.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Helps make and transport proteins.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Makes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, packages, and ships proteins.

Lysosomes

Break down waste and old cell parts using enzymes.

Vacuole

Stores water, food, and waste materials.

Microtubule

Provides support and helps move materials in the cell.

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes inside the nucleus.

Golgi Vesicle

Transports materials from the Golgi apparatus to other parts of the cell.

<table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Nucleus</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Controls the cell and contains DNA.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Mitochondria</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Ribosome</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Makes proteins.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Helps make and transport proteins.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Makes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Golgi Apparatus</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Modifies, packages, and ships proteins.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Lysosomes</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Break down waste and old cell parts using enzymes.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Vacuole</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Stores water, food, and waste materials.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Microtubule</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Provides support and helps move materials in the cell.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Nucleolus</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Makes ribosomes inside the nucleus.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="min-width: 50px;"><colgroup><col style="min-width: 25px;"><col style="min-width: 25px;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p><strong>Golgi Vesicle</strong></p></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Transports materials from the Golgi apparatus to other parts of the cell.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>

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what is the mitochondria?

produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration

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what is ribosomes

protien factories

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what is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Helps make and transport proteins.

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what is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Makes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

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what is Golgi Apparatus?

Modifies, packages, and ships proteins.

also connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane

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what is Lysosomes?

Break down waste and old cell parts using enzymes.

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what is Vacuole

Storage

Water, food, and waste materials.

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what is Microtubule?

Provides support and helps move materials in the cell.

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what is Nucleolus?

Makes ribosomes inside the nucleus.

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Golgi Vesicle

Transports materials from the Golgi apparatus to other parts of the cell

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connection between rough er and golgi apparatus

what happens in rough er:

ribosomes on rough er make protien - protein folded - protien transferred to golgi apparatus

(home of protien factories)

what happens in golgi apparatus:

protiens modified ,sorted , packaged

(shipping center)

<p>what happens in rough er:</p><p>ribosomes on rough er make protien - protein folded - protien transferred to golgi apparatus</p><p>(home of protien factories)</p><p>what happens in golgi apparatus:</p><p>protiens modified ,sorted , packaged </p><p>(shipping center)</p>

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what is a cytoskeleton?

A cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers inside a cell that acts like its internal framework. It helps the cell keep its shape, stay organized, and carry out movement.

provides structure

supports movement

organizes cell content

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what is cell membrane?

controls what comes in and out of cell and protects cell from surroundings

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what is cytoplasm

fluid substance surrounding organelles in cell holding them in place