B228 Final Exam Iclicker Questions
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17 Terms
During which phase would you expect the most DNA to be accessible for transcription?
Interphase
Mitosis separates sister chromatids equally between 2 daughter cells. In meiosis, homologous pairs are separated first, then sister chromatids. How many chromosomes must each of the 4 daughter cells receive?
23
What would be the consequences of diploid gametes in mammals?
Offspring would show reduced genetic variation
Species would struggle to maintain viable offspring across generations
Why do males typically grow taller than females?
Estrogen stimulates bone growth but also causes earlier epiphyseal plate closure
What is the order of the reproductive hormone trophic cascade?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Sex hormones
Puberty blockers treat conditions such as precocious puberty, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids by disrupting the reproductive hormone cascade. Which hormone is the most upstream target for producing widespread cascade disruption?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What are the gametes and sex hormones of the testes?
Gametes: sperm (spermatozoa)
Sex Hormones: testosterone
What role does LH play in the secretion of testosterone?
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates these cells to synthesize and secrete testosterone.
What is the role of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules?
Testosterone acts locally within the seminiferous tubules to support and promote spermatogenesis. It helps maintain the environment needed for sperm development and maturation.
Will a diploid spermatogonia divide by meiosis or mitosis?
Mitosis
How many chromosomes are found in a primary spermatocyte? 23 or 46?
46
What is the function of the acrosome of a sperm?
Releases enzymes to penetrate the oocyte
What is the function of the centriole of a sperm?
Organizes microtubules forming the flagellum
What is the function of the mitochondria of a sperm?
Produces ATP to power motility
What is the function of a flagellum of a sperm?
Propels sperm toward the oocyte
In the excitement phase, parasympathetic stimulation releases nitric oxide (NO) which acts as a:
local vasodilator
After the prostatic urethra, which structure does semen pass through next?
Membranous urethra