unit 1

Name the 3 types of muscle

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Which muscle is voluntary?

Skeletal

Which muscle is found in the heart?

Cardiac

Which muscle is found in organs?

Smooth

What is an isotonic contraction?

Muscle changes length

What happens in a concentric contraction?

Muscle shortens

What happens in an eccentric contraction?

Muscle lengthens

What is an isometric contraction?

No movement

What muscle is in the chest?

Pectorals

What muscle is on the front of the upper arm?

Biceps

What muscle is in the stomach area?

Abdominals

What muscle is on the front of the thigh?

Quadriceps

What muscle is on the shin?

Tibialis anterior

What muscle is in the upper back?

Trapezius

What muscle is on the back of the upper arm?

Triceps

What muscle is in the middle back?

Latissimus dorsi

What muscle is in the buttocks?

Gluteals

What muscle is on the back of the thigh?

Hamstrings

Name one calf muscle

Gastrocnemius or Soleus

What are antagonistic muscles?

Muscles that work opposite

Give an example of a muscle at the elbow

Biceps and Triceps

What does the agonist do?

Main movement

What does the antagonist do?

Relaxes

Which fibre type is slow and good for endurance?

Type I

Which fibre type is fast with some endurance?

Type IIa

Which fibre type is very fast and powerful?

Type IIx

What is a motor unit?

Nerve and muscle fibres

What happens when more force is needed?

More motor units recruited

What happens to blood flow during exercise?

Increases

What happens to muscle temperature?

Increases

What happens to flexibility?

Increases

What builds up in muscles?

Lactic acid

What is muscle growth called?

Hypertrophy

What happens to strength?

Increases

What happens to mitochondria?

Increase

What happens to glycogen stores?

Increase

What is atrophy?

Muscle loss

What is a cramp?

Involuntary contraction

What are the 5 types of bones?

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

What do long bones do?

Movement

What do flat bones do?

Protection

What do short bones do?

Support/stability

What is the axial skeleton?

Skull, spine, rib cage

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Limbs and girdles

Name 3 major bones

Femur, Humerus, Tibia

What is the skull called?

Cranium

What bone is in the upper arm?

Humerus

What bone is in the thigh?

Femur

What are the 3 joint types?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Which joint is freely movable?

Synovial

Which joint is immovable?

Fibrous

What is a hinge joint?

Moves back and forth

Example of hinge joint?

Knee or elbow

What is a ball and socket joint?

Moves in all directions

Example of ball and socket?

Shoulder or hip

What is flexion?

Decreasing angle

What is extension?

Increasing angle

What is abduction?

Away from midline

What is adduction?

Towards midline

What is rotation?

Turning movement

What increases in bones with exercise?

Bone density

What is a fracture?

Broken bone

What is blood made of?

Plasma, red cells, white cells, platelets

What do red blood cells do?

Carry oxygen

What do white blood cells do?

Fight infection

What do platelets do?

Help clot blood

What do arteries do?

Carry blood away from heart

What do veins do?

Carry blood to heart

What do capillaries do?

Gas exchange

What is heart rate?

Beats per minute

What is stroke volume?

Blood per beat

What is cardiac output?

HR x SV

What happens to heart rate in exercise?

Increases

What happens to cardiac output?

Increases

What is the SA node?

Pacemaker of heart

What does the AV node do?

Delays impulse

What happens in systole?

Heart contracts

What happens in diastole?

Heart relaxes

What does the respiratory system do?

Gas exchange

What gas do we breathe in?

Oxygen

What gas do we breathe out?

Carbon dioxide

Where does gas exchange happen?

Alveoli

What are alveoli?

Tiny air sacs

What does the diaphragm do when breathing in?

Contracts

What happens to chest volume when breathing in?

Increases

What is tidal volume?

Air per breath

What is vital capacity?

Max air in/out

What happens to breathing rate in exercise?

Increases

What happens to tidal volume?

Increases

What is ATP?

Energy for muscles

Where is ATP stored?

Muscles

What is the ATP-PC system?

Immediate energy

How long does ATP-PC last?

0–10 seconds

What is the lactate system?

Short-term energy

What does it produce?

Lactic acid

How long does it last?

Up to 2 mins

What is the aerobic system?

Long-term energy

What does it use?

Oxygen

What activities use aerobic?

Endurance

What happens when ATP breaks down?

Energy released