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Gonads

Testes and ovaries

End result of meiosis I

Two cells with 23 replicated chromosomes each

Female homolog of penis

Clitoris

Male homolog of clitoris

Glans penis

Hormone that triggers ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle with most estrogen

Mature follicle

Gland that produces most semen fluid

Seminal vesicle

Haploid cell in spermatogenesis

Spermatid

Sperm survival in female

Up to 5 days

Male-determining gene

SRY gene

Uterine contraction layer

Myometrium

Structure that carries oocyte

Uterine (fallopian) tube

Phase with shedding of endometrium

Menstrual phase

Implantation site

Uterus

Gametogenesis

Production of gametes

Diploid

46 chromosomes

Haploid

23 chromosomes

Goal of meiosis

Produce haploid cells

Meiosis I

Separates homologous chromosomes

Meiosis II

Separates sister chromatids

Crossing over

Exchange of genetic material

Nondisjunction

Failure of chromosomes to separate

Example of nondisjunction

Down syndrome

Female gametogenesis result

1 oocyte + 3 polar bodies

Male gametogenesis result

4 sperm

Female gonad

Ovary

Oocyte pathway

Ovary → fallopian tube → uterus

Site of fertilization

Fallopian tube (ampulla)

Site of implantation

Uterus

Pap smear checks

Cervix

Function of uterus

Supports embryo/fetus

Function of vagina

Passageway for menstruation and childbirth

Phases of ovarian cycle

Follicular → Ovulation → Luteal

Follicular phase

Follicle develops

Ovulation

Oocyte released

Luteal phase

Corpus luteum produces progesterone

LH surge

Causes ovulation

Granulosa cells

Produce estrogen

Corpus luteum

Produces progesterone

Progesterone function

Prepares uterus for implantation

Menstrual phase

Shedding of endometrium

Proliferative phase

Rebuilding of endometrium

Secretory phase

Thickening and vascularization

Fallopian tubes

Transport oocyte

Cervix

Opening to uterus, produces mucus

Endometrium

Inner lining for implantation

Myometrium

Muscle layer for contractions

Perimetrium

Outer layer