Female and Male Reproductive Diseases in Horses

The flashcards cover terminology and definitions related to female and male reproductive diseases in horses as outlined in the lecture.

Abortion

Loss of embryo or fetus during pregnancy, caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, hormonal deficiencies, or congenital anomalies.

Dystocia

Difficulties experienced during parturition; the second stage of labor should last no more than 20 minutes.

Contagious Equine Metritis

A highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis, transmitted during breeding.

Endometritis

Infection of the uterine endometrium; a common cause of poor fertility in mares.

Retained Placenta

Full placentas that are not expelled within 3-6 hours post-delivery; often seen in mares with a history of dystocia.

Rectal Tear

Injury to the rectal wall, commonly occurring in mares during palpation or foaling.

Cryptorchidism

One or both testicles do not descend into the scrotum; strong genetic link associated.

Penile Paralysis

Condition where the penis drops and does not retract, potentially caused by various neurological issues.

Neoplasia

Tumors arising in reproductive organs; common types include ovarian cell tumors and penile tumors.

Clinical Signs of Abortion

Include loss of the fetus, vaginal discharge, and the mare returning to estrus.

Diagnosis of Endometritis

Can involve culture and sensitivity testing, ultrasound, and uterine biopsy.

Treatment for Dystocia

May involve correcting the foal's position, fetotomy, or cesarean section.

What are the 6 Female reproductive diseases in equine?

Abortions

Dytocia ***

COntageos eqine Meritis

Endometritis

Retained Placenta

Rectal Tear

Abortions in equine causes

Bacteria ( E. coli, salmonnela spp/ klebsiella spp Actiobacillus spp)

Viruses - ewuine Herpes virus type 1

fungi

twinning

hormonal deficiencies

congential anomalies

ergot alkloid toxicity

ingestion of tent caterpiller

Clinical signs of Abortions

Loss of Fetus

DIscharge

mare returns to estrs

premature milk letdown

Fetotomy- manual removal of fetus

Diagnosis - abortion

Bacterial culture

virus isolation

fungal culture

Treatmetn abortions

Bacterial- uterine flush with antibiotics

systemic antibiotic

Viral- vaccination with killed vaccine 5,7,9 months gestation

Dystocia Equine

Diffucutly during parturition

SHOULDNT LAST MORE THEN 20 MINS

occurs more in maiden mares

Common cause dystocia equine

Mare/ foal size mismatch

Malpresentation of foal

twins - not supposed to happen

Normal presentation of birth

Diving feet first head second

Non normal birthing positions

posterior back leg first

trasverse- back first

head back bent upside down

Clinical signs of Dystocia equine

Amniotic fluid rushes out and 20 mins later no foal

Straining with no progress in delivery

Treatment dystocia

Correct psoition of foal in birth canal

if dead fets- fetotomy

Cesarean section

Contagious Equine Metritis

Highly contagious disease caused by Taylorella equigenitalis

gram neg bacterium

transmitted from stallion to mare during breeding

readicated from U.S

Clinical sign of Contageious equine Metritis

Hx of being infertile

10-14 day after breeding

mucopurulnt discharge from vulva

discharge stops in 2 weeks

Diagnosis of Contagious equine Metritis

Bacterial culture and sesitivity

Endometriris

INfection in uterine endometrium

poor fertility in mare

seen in older mares those who had many offspring - maiden mare - 1st breeding

UNderlying causes of Endometritis

Repeated breedings

chronic infections

poor vulvar confirmation- inverted vulva

sexually transmitted disease

degeneration due to age

i

Retained placenta

Full placentas not passed withing 3-6 hours

most commonly seen with mares with hx of dystocia

Clinica signs retained placenta

Placenta membrane protruding from vulva

vaginal discharge

Laminitis after 48 hours

sysetmic signs of illness

diagnosis retained placenta

palpation of uterus and placenta through vulva

placental remnants

Treatment for retained placenta

Oxytocin - contracts uterine

uterine lavage

gentile traction

Banamine

antibiotics

Rectal tears

common in mares that jut gave birth

Manual palation- can happy anytime

at foaling foot goes thrpough rectal wall

graded 1-5

Clincial signs Rectal Tears

Blood on sleeve after palpation

signs of Colic

Septicemia

death

foal foot through rectum

Treatment rectal tear

Surgical correction

systemic antibiotics

banamine

iv fluids

pack rectum

wet soft feeds

Neoplasia

Ovarian cell tumors

Ovarian Cell Tumor

Begnin , steroid producting growths

tumor on ovary

predisposed granulosa cells involved

excess estrogen

excess testoterone*** male related actions

Clinical signs Ovarian cell tumor

Persistant estrus

Anestrus

aggressive behavior

mares in pain when ridden or handled

Diagnosis Ovarian cell tumors

Ultrasound

rectal palpation- ovary will be larger

Treatment Ovarian Cell Tumor

Removal of affected ovary

3 male reproductive disorders

Testicular disorder

Penile Disorders

Neoplasia

Testicular disorder

Cryptorchidism

unilateral- 1

bilateral-2

cryptorchidism

testicles one or both failed to descend into the scrotum.

usually take 6 months to drop - may take 2 years

DO NOT BREED

Treatment of cryptorchism

Abdominal surgery to remove retained testicles

enethical to remove decending testicle and leaving retained in place

Penile Disorder

Penile paralysis

Penile Paralysis

Prenis drops and does not retract

***acepromazine**

damage to third and 4th sacral nerves

neurological disease- rabies / herpes virus

trauma

Clinical signs of penile paralysis

Penis drops and doesnt retract

stallion doesnt achieve full erection

portion of penis distal to sheath becomes edematous and swollen

happens in equine nd canine

Treatmetns of Penile Paralysis

Treat underlying cause

hydroptherpay

frosimide

penile amputation

Neoplasia male eqine

Penile tumors

squamous cell carcinoma

sarcoids - bengin warty looking