anatomy lecture 2 What are the three major divisions of the brain? What structures make up the brainstem? What is the largest portion of the brain? To which structure is the cerebellum attached? What does the brainstem connect? ⸻ Answers Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata Cerebrum Brainstem Brain to spinal cord ⸻ Section 2 — Lobes of the Brain How many lobes are in each cerebral hemisphere? Name the four lobes of the brain. Which lobe controls voluntary movement? Which lobe controls sensation? Which lobe controls hearing? Which lobe controls vision? Which lobe is located posterior to the parietal lobe? Which lobe lies anterior to the central sulcus? Which lobe lies posterior to the central sulcus? ⸻ Answers Four Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Parietal lobe ⸻ Section 3 — Sulci and Fissures What is a sulcus? What is a gyrus? What is a fissure? What does the central sulcus separate? What does the lateral sulcus separate? What does the longitudinal fissure separate? ⸻ Answers A groove A ridge A deep groove Frontal and parietal lobes Temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes Right and left cerebral hemispheres ⸻ Section 4 — Corpus Callosum and White Matter What is the corpus callosum? What does the corpus callosum connect? What type of tissue is the corpus callosum composed of? What type of fibres connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres? What type of fibres connect areas within the same hemisphere? What type of fibres connect the brain to the spinal cord? What structure contains projection fibres linking the cortex to the brainstem? ⸻ Answers A bundle of nerve fibres Right and left cerebral hemispheres White matter Commissural fibres Association fibres Projection fibres Internal capsule ⸻ Section 5 — Cerebellum and Brainstem What is the function of the cerebellum? Where is the cerebellum located relative to the brainstem? Which part of the brainstem controls breathing and heart rate? Name three automatic functions controlled by the brainstem. ⸻ Answers Coordination and balance Posterior to the brainstem Medulla oblongata Breathing, heart rate, reflexes ⸻ Section 6 — Meninges and CSF (Very High Yield) Name the three layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost

What are the three major divisions of the brain?

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

What structures make up the brainstem?

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

What is the largest portion of the brain?

Cerebrum

To which structure is the cerebellum attached?

Brainstem

What does the brainstem connect?

Brain to spinal cord

How many lobes are in each cerebral hemisphere?

Four

Name the four lobes of the brain.

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Which lobe controls voluntary movement?

Frontal lobe

Which lobe controls sensation?

Parietal lobe

Which lobe controls hearing?

Temporal lobe

Which lobe controls vision?

Occipital lobe

Which lobe is located posterior to the parietal lobe?

Occipital lobe

Which lobe lies anterior to the central sulcus?

Frontal lobe

Which lobe lies posterior to the central sulcus?

Parietal lobe

What is a sulcus?

A groove

What is a gyrus?

A ridge

What is a fissure?

A deep groove

What does the central sulcus separate?

Frontal and parietal lobes

What does the lateral sulcus separate?

Temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

What does the longitudinal fissure separate?

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

What is the corpus callosum?

A bundle of nerve fibres

What does the corpus callosum connect?

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

What type of tissue is the corpus callosum composed of?

White matter

What type of fibres connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Commissural fibres

What type of fibres connect areas within the same hemisphere?

Association fibres

What type of fibres connect the brain to the spinal cord?

Projection fibres

What structure contains projection fibres linking the cortex to the brainstem?

Internal capsule

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Coordination and balance

Where is the cerebellum located relative to the brainstem?

Posterior to the brainstem

Which part of the brainstem controls breathing and heart rate?

Medulla oblongata

Name three automatic functions controlled by the brainstem.

Breathing, heart rate, reflexes

Name the three layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost.

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

In which space does cerebrospinal fluid circulate?

Subarachnoid space

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord usually end?

L1 or L2

At what vertebral level does the subarachnoid space end?

S2

What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Protection and cushioning

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Twelve

Through what structures do cranial nerves exit the skull?

Foramina

Which two cranial nerves attach to the forebrain?

Olfactory and optic nerves

Which cranial nerve is responsible for smell?

Olfactory nerve

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

Optic nerve

Which cranial nerve controls chewing muscles and facial sensation?

Trigeminal nerve