Peds Unit 2 Exam

Client teaching on imipramine for nocturnal enuresis

Used to reduce bed wetting, give exactly as prescribed, bed wetting may return when medication is stopped, continue behavioral interventions void before bed limit evening fluids, avoid punishment for accidents.

Health concerns for the newborn in regards to parent support

Feeling overwhelmed stressed and tired is common, encourage asking for help and taking short breaks when frustrated, seek medical help for depression hopelessness or thoughts of self-harm or harming the baby, support bonding through consistent caregiving.

How to help toddler with stress

Maintain consistent routines, offer age appropriate choices, provide a calm safe environment, limit overstimulation, spend quality one-on-one time.

How to increase acceptance and encourage lifelong healthy eating habits in preschool children

repeatedly exposed children to new healthy foods, do not pressure children to eat, offer nutrient dense foods, respect cultural food preferences.

Newborn cognitive development - helping with vision

use high contrast black and white patterns, provide face to face interaction, allow tracking of faces and moving objects, keep objects 8 to 12 inches away.

Newborn feeding education

breastfeed on demand every two to three hours 8 to 12 feeds a day, formula fed infants initially take 2 oz every two to three hours, watch hunger cues like rooting sucking hand to mouth movements, vitamin D supplementation for exclusively breastfed infants.

Nursing implications for vaginal infections and STIs

teach genital hygiene, encourage prompt evaluation of itching burning or discharge, promote condom use and safe sexual practices, encourage routine STI screening.

Parent education for calming a crying newborn

feed infant, change diaper, hold rock walk with the baby, talk sing play soothing music, warm bath or infant massage, check for illness.

Perspective on health - promoting healthy behaviors

encourage exercise, balanced diet, adequate sleep, avoid substance use, promote healthy relationships, teach critical thinking about media influences.

Promoting body safety – boundaries

child controls their own body, teach they may say no to unwanted touching, use correct names for body parts, teach trusted adults and safe reporting.

Safe sleep guidelines

place infant on back, firm mattress with fitted sheet, no pillows blankets stuffed animals bumper pads, no Co sleeping.

Toddler car seat safety

rear facing into at least age 2, back seat preferably center, five point harness, chest clip at armpit level.

Ways to encourage bonding with a newborn

skin to skin contact, holding and comforting, feeding, eye contact, talking singing reading, responding to crying.

What position should an infant be placed in to sleep

always on their back.

What to do when training infants to self-soothe

allow time to self soothe, briefly comfort without always picking up, leave room in return as needed, maintain consistent bedtime routines.

When to delay toilet training in a toddler

child resist training, child becomes frustrated, major life changes new sibling moving daycare changes family and stress.

Core manifestations of ADHD and symptoms of each one

Inattention- easily distracted difficulty focusing trouble completing task, hyperactivity- excessive movement, fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated, impulsivity- Interrupting others, acting without thinking, difficulty waiting turns.

Eating disorder warning signs in the adolescent

significant weight loss or gain, obsession with weight body or image, restrictive dieting, skipping meals, food secrecy, fatigue, dizziness fainting, dry skin brittle nails thinning hair, frequently feeling cold.

Clinical manifestations of testicular torsion and what are the nursing implications

Manifestations- sudden severe testicular pain, scrotal swelling, redness discoloration, tenderness, nausea vomiting. Nursing implications- treat as emergency, immediate provider notification, prepare for surgery, educate adolescents to seek immediate care.

Nursing responsibilities with suspected Factitious Disorder Imposed On Another (FDIA)

document objectively, record inconsistencies, remain non-judgmental, collaborate with healthcare team, prioritize child safety.

What to do FIRST when physical abuse is suspected

perform a thorough assessment, ensure child safety, document findings objectively, report suspected abuse mandated reporter.

What to do if a toddler has delayed milestones

document unmet milestones, report concerns to provider, arrange developmental screening referral if needed.

Body image dissatisfaction

40 to 50% of school aged children report dissatisfaction, influenced by media, peers, family comments, culture in physical development.

Calorie needs for a 2-4 year old

females 1000 to 1400 calories a day, mills 1000 to 1600 calories a day

Common aspirated items

peanuts, popcorn, grapes, blueberries, hot dogs, hard candy, coins, small toy parts.

Common drowning hazards

pools, bathtubs, toilets, buckets, any water container.

Common high-risk behaviors in adolescence

alcohol use, tobacco vaping, drug use, unprotected sex, reckless driving.

Definition of separation anxiety

normal developmental stage six months to three years where a child becomes distressed when separated from a family caregiver.

Factors influencing self-esteem

parent support, peer relationships, teachers, body image, academic performance, athletic success, social acceptance.

Factors that affect sleep

temperament, family routines, environment noise, cultural practices, screen time, over stimulation.

Healthy attachment in the infant supports these things

emotional regulation, security, self esteem, coping skills, trust development.

How long should toddlers be active during the day

at least 180 minutes 3 hours daily.

Importance of play in infancy

cognitive development, emotional expression, social interaction, bonding and attachment, trust and security.

Influence of media and peers on adolescents

influences beliefs about health beauty fitness vaccines diet substance use and risk taking behaviors.

Key psychosocial development milestones for a 4 month old

smiles as a result of a sight or sound, stops crying when parent speaks.

Management of colic

frequent burping, upright feeding, reduce air intake, formula changes if indicated, apparent support and reassurance.

Management of cow’s milk protein allergies

continue breastfeeding if possible, maternal dairy restriction, soy hydrolyzed amino acid formula if needed, avoid goat, almond and rice milk.

Prevention and management of encopresis

prevent Constipation, high fiber diet, adequate fluids, regular toileting routine, positive reinforcement, no punishment.

Recommended Preschool Immunizations

Dtap, IPV, MMR, varicella, annual influenza vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine per CDC recommendations.

School-age children physical development body awareness complaints

stomach aches, limb pain, concerns related to growth puberty changes.

The 3 essential components for the foundation of healthy infant development

safety, stability, nurturing.

Timing for the introduction of solid foods and what is the primary nutrition source

introduce solids around six months, breast milk or formula remains primary nutrition source.

What is the typical amount of sleep a toddler should get in 24 hours

11 to 14 hours a day including naps.

What often triggers shaken baby syndrome

caregiver frustration with excessive crying.

When aggression becomes concerning

repetitive aggression, intentional harm, persistent aggressor victim role, interferes with school or peer relationships.

When to be concerned about regression in toddlers

last longer than two to three weeks, worsens over time, and accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

When would a breastfed infant need vitamin B12 supplementation

if mother is vegan or vegetarian, if mother has vitamin B12 deficiency.

Why are temper tantrums common in toddlerhood

desire for independence autonomy, limited communication skills, difficulty expressing emotions, immature self-regulation.

Why should you establish healthy eating habits in the school-aged child

habits continue into adulthood, reduce obesity risk, prevent chronic disease, support growth health and academic performance.