Untitled Flashcards Set

Denial

A stage of grief where individuals refuse to accept reality or facts.

Anger

A stage of grief characterized by feelings of rage and frustration.

Bargaining

A stage of grief where individuals attempt to negotiate or make deals to reverse their loss.

Depression

A stage of grief marked by deep feelings of sadness and despair.

Acceptance

A stage of grief where individuals embrace their loss and find a way to move forward.

Buspirone

An anxiolytic medication that takes 2-4 weeks to work, does not cause sedation or abuse potential.

Conversion defense mechanism

Physical symptoms that arise from stress without any identifiable physical cause.

Displacement defense mechanism

Transferring emotions from one target to another, such as yelling at a nurse due to a poor diagnosis.

Intellectualization

Avoiding emotions in stressful situations by focusing on facts instead.

Rationalization defense

Justifying unacceptable behavior by using logical reasoning.

Sublimation

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions, like punching a pillow instead of a person.

Involuntary admission

Admission for mental health treatment when an individual is a danger to self or others and cannot meet basic needs, but they still have the right to refuse medications.

Valproic acid

A medication used for bipolar disorder, requiring monitoring of liver and kidneys.

Early signs of Alzheimer's

Forgetting material that was just read.

Severe Alzheimer's sign

Inability to feel emotions or perform basic physical functions.

Moderate signs of Alzheimer's

Inability to control bladder functions and needing assistance with daily tasks.

Confabulation

Filling memory gaps with fabricated information to avoid embarrassment.

Perseveration

Repetition of phrases or behaviors under stress.

Apraxia

Loss of ability to perform tasks or movements upon request despite understanding commands.

Agnosia

Loss of ability to recognize objects or familiar sounds and people.

Cognitive decline

Mild dementia marked by difficulty in locating household items and subtle personality changes.

Moderate cognitive decline

Disorientation to time and place, inability to manage finances, and withdrawal from social interactions.

Risks for depression

Females are at a primary risk for depression with a ratio of 2:1.

Affective symptoms

Emotional responses that are inappropriate or inconsistent with stimuli.

Dysphoria

An unpleasant mood characterized by feelings of depression, anxiety, and discontent.

Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Impairment in memory, attention, thinking, judgment, and problem-solving.

Agoraphobia

Avoidance of places or situations from which escape may be difficult.

Covert statements for suicide

Subtle, not openly expressed suicidal thoughts that are difficult to identify.

Repression defense mechanism

Excluding unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from consciousness.

Cocaine use effects

Tachycardia, dilated pupils, increased mental alertness, and hypertension.

Sudden stop of benzodiazepines

Can lead to seizures.

Symptoms of heroin intoxication

Impaired coordination, respiratory depression, pain reduction, drowsiness, and sedation.

Pseudoephedrine interactions

Can interact with tricyclic medications, causing cardiac dysrhythmias.

Anxiety and decision-making

People with anxiety may dread making decisions, needing reassurance from others.

Aversion therapy

Used for alcohol use or aggression where medications are ineffective, not suitable for anxiety.

Donepezil

Medication for Alzheimer's that reduces bradycardia and syncope, takes 4-6 weeks to work, and has GI bleed risk.

Tension building phase of domestic violence

Characterized by minor episodes where the recipient may rationalize by taking the blame.

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Includes muscle tremors, occurring 12-24 hours after ceasing intake.

Delirium tremens

Severe alcohol withdrawal that can lead to death, occurring within 72 hours after stopping heavy use.

Hypertension in alcohol withdrawal

Occurs within 6-8 hours after cessation.

Anhedonia

A lack of interest in daily activities.

Dystonia

Extrapyramidal side effect characterized by muscle spasms, not motor restlessness.

Parkinsonism

Symptoms including shuffling gait, drooling, and stooped posture.

Tardive dyskinesia

An irreversible condition involving involuntary movements.

Akathisia

A state of inner restlessness with symptoms like pacing and constant movement.

Safe medications for bipolar disorder

Valproic acid and lithium.

Pseudoparkinsonism

Tremors, loss of balance, and difficulty walking due to medication effects.

Adverse effects of doxepin

Weight gain, constipation, tachycardia, and drowsiness.

Adventitious crisis

An unexpected event that disturbs normal life.

Disulfiram use

To maintain sobriety in alcohol use disorder.

Clonidine use

To treat heroin withdrawal.

Buprenorphine use

To manage opioid withdrawal.

Varenicline use

To reduce nicotine cravings.

Catatonia

A positive symptom where the individual holds unusual positions or mimics others.

Distractedness in delirium

Easily distracted is a hallmark manifestation of delirium.

Confabulation and aphasia in dementia

Both are manifestations associated with dementia.

Clozapine monitoring

Requires monitoring of absolute neutrophil count.

Veracity

The quality of telling the truth.

Nonmaleficence

The ethical principle of doing no harm.

Benztropine use

To treat parkinsonism, like shuffling gait.

Fluoxetine side effects

Can cause sexual dysfunction, such as anorgasmia and impotence.

Physical measurements in health

Body temperature less than 96.8 and body fat below 10% indicates severe health risk.

Somatic delusion

Belief that a body part is no longer functioning as expected.

Stage 4 Alzheimer's symptoms

Can identify names of family members but cannot do so in Stage 6.

Agranulocytosis in neutrophil count

Count drops below 1000, requiring hospitalization and monitoring.

Signs of improvement in mental health

Improvement indicated by the reduction in hearing voices.

Neutropenic count threshold

A count less than 500 is considered critical.

PTSD triggers

Hearing about traumatic experiences can cause symptoms.

Somatic symptom disorder

Significant focus on physical symptoms, like pain and weakness, with excessive worry about health.

Psychotherapy for somatic symptoms

Talking therapies can help manage excessive fears about physical conditions.

Conversion disorder

A condition affecting perception, sensation, and movement, leading to symptoms like sudden blindness.

Illness anxiety disorder

Extremely high worry and fearfulness about having an illness.

Conduct disorder in children

Can lead to antisocial behavior in adulthood.

Dissociative fugue

Reversible amnesia for one's identity.

Dissociative identity disorder

Characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities.

Active dystonia during antipsychotic treatment

Muscle spasms of the head and neck that occur early in treatment.

Electroconvulsive therapy

Utilizes electric currents to induce seizures for treatment of severe depression or bipolar.

Lithium toxicity levels

Mild toxicity occurs at 1.5-2.5, with symptoms like GI discomfort; severe toxicity occurs above 2.5.

Neutrophil count normal range

Normal, typically ranges from 5,000-11,000.

Mild anxiety symptoms

Slight changes in vital signs.

Moderate anxiety symptoms

Includes physical symptoms like increased heart rate and muscle tension.

Severe anxiety symptoms

Physical manifestations like rapid breathing and inability to function.

Panic anxiety symptoms

Extreme physical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.

Transcendence in personal growth

Achieving an understanding of life's purpose and meaning.

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

Includes integrity vs despair for ages 65 and older.

Psychosocial development stages

Industry vs inferiority occurs at ages 7-11.

Identity vs role confusion

Occurs during ages 12-18.

Intimacy vs isolation

Occurs during ages 19-29.

Generativity vs stagnation

Occurs from ages 30-64.

Sigmund Freud's theory

Known for the psychodynamic theory.

Maslow's theory

Associated with humanistic psychology.

Watson's contributions

Known for behavioral therapy.

Mental status exam cognitive assessments

Involves tasks like counting backwards and problem-solving.

Mental status exam affect assessments

Examines facial expressions and emotional reactions.

Mental status exam language ability assessments

Involves asking the client to read and write.

Mental status exam remote memory assessments

Involves recalling objects after a time delay.

Mental status exam abstract thinking assessments

Involves using scenarios to assess problem-solving.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Characterized by mood changes occurring the week before menstruation.