How far did Henry pursue a consistent foreign policy with Spain and Burgundy

rather than consistent foreign policy , what was policy characterised by ?

rapid changed in direction

• reaction to shifting European power dynamics

What two kingdoms created a new European power that played a central role in Henry’s policies ?

Castille and Aragon

• had common enemy in France - England and Spain could ignore commercial rivalry

What was the Treaty of Medina del Campo?

• 1489

• most significant

• established Prince Arthur was to marry Catherine of Aragon - provided a dowry of £40,000

• ensured Spain would not help English rebels

• if either country was at war with France , one would intervene

What did Medina del Campo signify ?

• that a major European power viewed Henrys position as secure

what were the setbacks in the marriage between Arthur and catherine?

• marriage delayed until 1501 because ferdinand was reluctant to send daughter as Warbeck was threatening England

what threatened the alliance between Spain and England 6 months after the treaty of Medina del Campo ?

Arthur dies

How did Henry sought to maintain the link between Spain and England ?

proposed marriage between Catherine and Prince Henry - agreed in 1503

When was the Castilian crisis ?

1504-06

What was the Castilian crisis caused by?

• death of Isabella of Castile in 1504 caused struggle for control of Castile between Ferdinand of Aragon and isabella’s daughter , Johanna and her husband Philip of Burgundy

What did Henry have to choose between ?

• support ferdinand to maintain Spanish alliance

• or support Philip to protect vital cloth trade with Burgundy

Why was Henry’s paranoia heightened with Burgundy ?

Philip and Johanna sheltering earl of Suffolk - Yorkist pretender

What did Henry fear would happen if Castille came under Burgundian control ?

the marriage between Henry and Catherine would be invaluable - Aragon less powerful than a United Spain

Who did Ferdinand turn to for support? how did this affect England

France

• pushing England into a closer relationship with Philip of Burgundy

How was Henry’s support for burgundy shown in finances ?

lent Philip money for expedition to claim Castilian inheritance

what happened in 1506 that allowed Henry to negotiate with Philip ?

• Philip and Joanna to take shelter on the English coast due to bad weather

• Henry negotiated a treaty where Philip agreed to hand over Earl of Suffolk to England and purpose a marriage between Prince Henry and Philips sister

what was the treaty of 1506 between Henry and Philip?

Treaty of Windsor

How did the situation change between Burgundy and Spain in April 1506?

Philip arrives in Castille and received well

How does ferdinand’s chances of controlling Spain seem small ?

• french support failed - withdraws to Aragon

What happens in September 1506 that changes the trajectory of the situation?

philip dies

what does Philip’s death mean for Europe ?

Ferdinand retook Castile

Maximilian took over regency of Burgundy for his grandson Charles VIII

Joanna has a breakdown

Marriage between Catherine and Prince Henry more appealing

What did Henry fear France would do to a weak regency rule in Burgundy ? what did Henry do in response to this fear?

• feared they would seize opportunity to gain land

• proposed a marriage between Joanna and himself - attempt to restore Spanish link

how did Ferdinand repspond to henry’ attempt at restoring English - burgundain- Spanish Alliance ?

• refused to agree to Joanna ‘s marriage

• didn’t send the rest of Catherines dowry

1508 - Henry abandons English - Burgundian-Spanish alliance for what ?

wants an agreement between England , France , Burgundy

why did Henry revoke Magnus intercursus?

to speed up prospect of marrying his daughter Mary to Charles of Ghent

try to win Burgundian support

how did Henry try to isolate Spain ?

seeking a marriage for himself with Louis XII’s niece

After attempting to create an anti-spanish Alliance , how did this shift ?

• Louis XII didnt want to antagonise Spain any more so he reached agreement with Ferdinand - 1508 League of Cambrai - isolation England