Exam: 08.06 Segment Two Exam

Which describes the purpose of the Yalta Conference?

Leaders from the United States, Soviet Union, and Great Britain met to discuss a post-World War II peace.

The text below is from the charter of the United Nations:

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED

to save succeeding generations from the [destruction] of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and

to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and

to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and

to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

AND FOR THESE ENDS

to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and

to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and

to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used,

War is justified if the group's shared goals are being threatened.

Which statement explains how the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis affected the Cold War?

It encouraged direct communication between US and Soviet leaders.

Which statement describes one of the effects of President Truman's decision to use atomic weapons against Japan?

Other nations intensified their efforts to develop their own atomic weapons.

Both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented the desire of the United States to do which of the following?

fight against the spread of communism

In 1992, presidential candidate H. Ross Perot said that signing the NAFTA agreement would produce a "giant sucking sound" in the United States. What was he

referring to?

loss of American jobs

How did the United States react to the Soviet Union's acquisition of atomic weapons?

by expanding its programs to research and build better atomic weapons

How did the Black Panther Party's approach to the Civil Rights movement differ from that of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee?

The Black Panthers focused on protecting African Americans from white violence rather than ending segregation.

How did the approach taken by the United Farm Workers differ from the approach taken by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People?

The United Farm Workers preferred using boycotts to achieve its aims rather than launching legal challenges.

Which goal of the Civil Rights movement was achieved soon after World War II ended?

desegregation of the U.S. military

The term "Iron Curtain" was used by Winston Churchill to describe a divide between which of these?

Western and Soviet spheres of influence

Three Western powers—the United States, France, and the United Kingdom—were original members of SEATO, the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. Why would

those powers have joined a mutual defense organization in Southeast Asia?

All three nations wanted to contain the spread of communism in the region.

What was American society's prevailing view of women in the 1950s?

Women should dedicate themselves to caring for their family and home.

The Equal Rights Amendment was supported by which of these groups?

NOW (National Organization for Women)

The United Nations charter was drafted during which occasion?

a conference held by the Allies during World War II

The Nuremberg Trials established which of the following principles?

Planning an aggressive war is a crime against humanity.

What was one of the main goals of the March on Washington on August 28, 1963?

a federal employment program for all workers, regardless of race

Which of these groups was largely left out of the rising prosperity in post-War America?

inner-city minorities

The quote below is from U.S. President George W. Bush in 2001:

"We shall make no distinction between those who committed these acts and those who harbor them."

Source: http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=44910

Based on this quote, which of the following conclusions can be drawn about U.S. foreign policy after the attacks of September 11, 2001?

The United States would pursue both individual terrorists and countries that turned a blind eye to terrorist activities.

Concerns about the national debt since the 1990s have resulted in which of the following?

proposals to eliminate or reform social welfare programs created in the 1960s

What did the Supreme Court say in its ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?

Affirmative action programs do not violate the Constitution.

What was the Supreme Court concerned about in its ruling in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

protecting people's right not to testify against themselves unwillingly

Which segment of the American economy declined steadily during the 1980s and 1990s?

manufacturing

Which statement explains why the 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo had a major impact on the United States?

By 1973, the United States had become dependent on foreign energy sources

Draft resisters were part of which larger social movement?

the counterculture movement

Which of these measures increased significantly during the two decades following the end of World War II?

birth rate

President Nixon's policy of Vietnamization involved which of these?

increasing the military capacities of the South Vietnamese armed forces

The quote below comes from the War Powers Resolution:

The President in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situation where imminent

involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with the Congress until United States Armed

Forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed from such situations.

Source: http://www.policyalmanac.org/world/archive/war_powers_resolution.shtml

How did the Vietnam War contribute to passage of this resolution?

It demonstrated the consequences of giving the president too much power over the military.

Which of these contributed to the movement to hold war crimes tribunals at Nuremberg after World War II?

the Holocaust

Senator Joseph McCarthy became a powerful and prominent public figure during the 1950s because of which of these?

widespread fears about communism

Which statement describes how the Johnson administration supported the Civil Rights movement?

President Johnson pressured Congress to pass strong Civil Rights and voting rights laws.

What political reform affecting freedom of speech and of the press led President Reagan to resume diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union?

glasnost

The U.S. Congress banned trade with which of the following countries in response to the policy of apartheid?

South Africa

Which statement about women in the workforce does this poster support?

Women who entered the workforce did not always do "men's" work.

Which statement explains how the launch of Sputnik affected the Cold War arms race?

It led to the development of long-range rockets that would enable the United States and the Soviet Union to attack each other directly.

Which of the following events prompted the action shown in the photograph in 1942?

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor

Which of the following resulted from the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

an increase in the flow of goods between the United States and Mexico

Which of these Civil Rights leaders favored black nationalism?

Malcolm X

Which famous speech was given during the March on Washington in 1963?

the "I Have a Dream" speech

Which describes the goal of Roosevelt's cash-and-carry policy?

to maintain the neutrality of the United States while giving aid to Britain

Activists in the counterculture movement were successful at doing which of the following?

turning public opinion against the Vietnam War

What was one effect of the media's coverage of the Watergate scandal?

Americans became more cynical about politicians.

Why was Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist crusade brought to an end by his hearings about communists in the U.S. Army?

His investigations were exposed as publicity stunts without merit.

Why did the Reagan administration provide funding to the Nicaraguan contras?

to support a rebellion against an elected government in Latin America

Which statement describes the U.S. relationship with Iraq during the 1990s?

The United States maintained economic sanctions against Iraq to prevent it from becoming a threat to peace in the region.

Which of these changes resulted from the United States' entry into World War II?

Women entered the industrial workforce in large numbers for the first time.

Which two leaders signed a treaty in the 1980s to reduce nuclear weapons

Reagan and Gorbachev

What was one of the aims of the Contract with America?

to reduce federal spending on social welfare programs

Which of these will result if the future trend on this pyramid is correct?

increasing federal spending on entitlement programs

How were the Freedom Rides and Freedom Summer similar?

Both met with violent resistance in the South.

Which of the following was one effect of President Johnson's Great Society?

Poverty was reduced in the United States.

The quote below comes from the Supreme Court ruling in 1963:

The right of one charged with crime to counsel may not be deemed fundamental and essential to fair trials in some countries, but it is in ours. From the very beginning,

our state and national constitutions and laws have laid great emphasis on procedural and substantive safeguards designed to assure fair trials before impartial

tribunals in which every defendant stands equal before the law.

Source: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0372_0335_ZO.html

Based on the quote, this ruling strengthened protections for which guarantee in the Bill of Rights?

"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to ... have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence."

The quote below was taken from a speech given on August 29, 1945, to engineers on the Manhattan Project by the military commander in charge of the project:

"The only thing that we have to think about is that the war is over and that a great many of [sic] Americans are going to be safe and in good hands who wouldn't have

been if it hadn't been for the Manhattan District "

--General Leslie Grove

Why would Grove have told the engineers "the only thing we have to think about is that the war is over"?

The decision to use atomic weapons was opposed by some who felt it was immoral.

Which explains why the Black Power leaders would criticize the actions taken by the students in the photograph?

The students were focused on integrating the races.

What effect did the Korean War have on domestic politics in the United States?

It undermined the popularity of President Truman and helped Dwight Eisenhower win the presidential election of 1952.

Which statement summarizes the impact of the U.S. involvement in the Korean War?

The United States established a permanent military presence in Asia.

Which of the following was a result of the events of 9/11?

Some immigrants faced discrimination and prejudice.

During the early-21st century, concerns about foreign competition for jobs led to calls for which of these?

greater restrictions on illegal immigration

The text below is from a speech given by President Franklin Roosevelt about European events in 1937:

"It seems to be unfortunately true that the epidemic of world lawlessness is spreading. When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community

approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease."

Source: http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/7-2-188/188-07.html

Which explains why the majority of Americans opposed Roosevelt's speech?

Roosevelt promoted U.S. intervention in the European conflict, which went against mainstream support of U.S. isolationism.

Why was this a significant step in the war in the Pacific?

It brought the U.S. military within air-strike range of mainland Japan