1.3 Developments In South and Southeast Asia

Vijayanagara Empire (southern India) - GOV

• Began with the arrival of two brothers, from the delhi sultanate, who wished to extend rule to southern India

• Brothers were born Hindus and converted to Islam for upward mobility

• Once they the Delhi Sultanate they embraced their religion and established a Hindi Kingdom

Rajput kingdoms (North India) - GOV

Northern India a great deal of upheaval than Southern India.

• These Hindu kingdoms were at constant war with one other

  • left no centralized power making them vulnerable to Muslim attacks

• Islamic forces conquered Delhi and much of northern portion of South Asia, bring Islam to India

  • Some converted Hindu to Muslim, but not all.

  • Delhi sultanate imposed jizya tax on non-muslim subjects

Delhi Sultanate - GOV

• Mamluks established

• This Islamic forces managed to conquer the city of Delhi and much of northern part of South Asia, establishing the sultanate.

• Never organized an efficient bureaucracy like the Chinese.

• Local conquered kingdoms played major rule in decentralization.

Srivijaya Empire (Sumatra) - GOV

• Primarily a buddhist kingdom

• built by navy and prospered by charging fees on ships

• Religious Center

• Weakened by expanding powers, like Majapahit kingdom

Majapahit Kingdom (Java) - GOV

• Sustained power by controlling sea routes.

• HINDU kingdom but with strong Buddhist influences

• Declined after deaths of key leaders and Islamic forced growing in the region

Sinhala Dynasties (Sri Lanka) - GOV

• Roots in early immigrants, most likely merchants

• Island became center of Buddhist study

• Monasteries and nunneries flourished

• Buddhist priests often served as advisors to monarch

• Attacks from invaders from India and conflicts between Monarchy and the priest weakened the kingdoms.

Khmer Empire - GOV

• Also known as the Angkor Kingdom

• Complex irrigation and drainage system led to prosperity

• Capital - Angkor Thom

  • showed Indian cultural influences on Southeast Asia

  • Hindu artwork and sculptures

  • Buddhist elements were added without destroying Hindu artwork

Sukhothai Kingdom (Thailand) - GOV

• They invaded the Khmer area

• They didn’t ruin any of the syncretic structures (Angkor Wat)

Proselytize - CDI

To actively seek converts

Bhakti Movement - CDI

• Emphasized developing a strong attachment to a particular deity rather than studying texts and rituals.

• Appealing to many believers because it did not discriminate against women or people of low status

• Bhakits helped spread Hinduism

Qutub Minar - CDI

• Combines towers common in Hindu temples with domes common is Islamic mosques

• symbol of islamic influence in northern india

Urdu - CDI

• melded the grammatical pattern of Hindu( north india) with the vocab of Arabic and elements of Farsi (Persia)

• official language of pakistan