Clinical Categories of Bloodstream Infections

→ Bacteremia

→ Septicemia

→ Severe Sepsis

→ Septic Shock

→ Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

The clinical categories of bloodstream infections:

• presence of bacteria in blood and is the means by which local infections spread to distant organs

what is BACTEREMIA?

occurs when the defense mechanism of the body effectively eliminate small quantities of bacteria resulting in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms.

what is ASYMPTOMATIC BACTEREMIA?

• occurs in normal, healthy individual, where infection may occur at didtant site after manipulative procedure such vigorous chewing, oral prophylaxis, tooth extraction, needle puncture, drug infusions, catheter insertion or surgery.

what is SYMPTOMATIC BACTEREMIA?

• rapidly, progressing, life threatening infection that can arise from systemic infection throughout the body leading to a SIRS (Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome)

what is SEPSIS/SEPTICEMIA?

• represents a widespread inflammatory response to a variety of severe clinical insult

what is SIRS?

• characterized by presence of sepsis criteria with evidence of organ dysfunction.

what is SEVERE SEPSIS?

WARM SHOCK

what is HYPERDYNAMIC?

COLD SHOCK

what is HYPODYNAMIC?

• characterized by presence of severe sepsis criteria with evidence of persistent sign of organ dysfunction & hypotension.

what is SEPTIC SHOCK?

• characterized by altered function of multiple organ system wherein intervention is needed to sustain life.

what is MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME?

1. Determine infection severity

2. Evaluate the state of patient host defense mechanism

3. Determine whether the patient should be treated by a general dentist or an oral & maxillofacial surgeon

4. Treat the infection surgically

5. Support the patient medically

6. Choose and prescribe the appropriate antibiotic

7. Administer the proper antibiotic

8. Evaluate the patient frequently

enumerate the PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY OF ODONTOGENIC INFECTION