Unit 6 Reproductive System - Anatomy II 2114

Infertility - Male

Abnormally low ability to reproduce, sperm count of less than 25 million per mL

Sterility - Male

Complete inability to reproduce

Andropause

Cessation of fertility, gradually decreasing around age 50

Oligospermia

Decreased Sperm Count

Cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle usually discovered in infancy

Testicular Cancer

Most arise from sperm-producing cells of seminiferous tubules, most common from ages 20-35.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Noncancerous condition that occurs in 75% of men over age 50. Enlarged prostate gland, may even squeeze the urethra closed

Prostate Cancer

Cancer of the prostate gland

Phimosis

Structural abnormality where foreskin fits so tightly over gland that it cannot retract, in severe cases it can obstruct urine flow

Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Failure to achieve an erection adequate enough to permit intercourse

Hydrocele

Scrotal swelling due to fluid accumulation

Inguinal Hernia

Protrusion of intestines from abdominal wall into scrotum

Infertility - Female

Failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation/menstrual cramps, very common

Amenorrhea

Absence of normal menstruation

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)

Irregular or excessive bleeding

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Collection of symptoms that occur regularly during menses of cycle

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Acute or chronic, inflammation caused by several different pathogens that spread upward from vagina

Salpingitis

Pelvic inflammatory disease affecting uterine tubes

Vaginitis

Inflammation or infection of vaginal lining

Candidiasis

Yeast infection

Fibroid/Myoma/Fibromyoma

Benign tumors if uterine tissue and common during reproductive years

Endometriosis

Benign but painful condition of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterus into the pelvic and abdominal cavity and other areas of the body

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Enlarged ovaries studded with fluid-filled cysts that develop from mature follicles that fail to rupture completely

Uterine Cancer

Usually involve endometrium

Cervical Cancer

Occurs most often in 30-50 age

Breast Cancer

Most common non-skin malignancy in American Women, leading cause of death in women 40-44.

Lumpectomy

More than one lump removal in breast cancer

Mastectomy

More than one lump removed or entire breast due to breast cancer

STD: Chlamydia

Bacterial infections usually infects cervix

STD: Gonorrhea

Bacterial infection, oldest known. Can be spread orally and can infect eyes

STD: HPV (human papillomavirus)

Most common STD in women, can lead to genital warts or cervical cancer

STD: Genital Herpes

HSV2 virus, cannot be cured. It can be spread from mouth to genitals and vice versa

Luekorrhea

Whitish discharge

Exogenous Infection

Results from pathogenic organisms transmitted from another person: STDs