A&P Final: Neuronal Circuits and Repair

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Last updated 10:32 PM on 5/3/26
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21 Terms

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What are neuronal circuits?

Networks of neurons in the CNS.

  1. Diverging circuit: one neuron stimulates many neurons.

  2. Converging circuit: one neuron receives input from many neurons.

  3. Reverberating circuit: later neurons repeatedly stimulate earlier neurons (linked to short term memory)

  4. Parallel-after-discharge-circuit: One neuron stimulated several pathways that later converge on one post-synaptic cell.

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Plasticity

The nervous systems ability to change synaptic connections and structure (ex. new dendrites, new proteins, altered synaptic contacts)

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Chromatolysis

Nissl bodies break apart after injury.

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Wallerian Degeneration

Breakdown of axon and myelin distal to injury.

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Retrograde degeneration

Degeneration backwards towards the cell body, usually back to one node.

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Can the same neurotransmitter be excitatory in one place and inhibitory in another?

Yes

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Major neurotransmitter groups

  • Acetylcholine

  • Amino acids

  • Biogenic amines

  • Nitric oxide

    • Neuropeptides

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How can neurotransmitter effects be modified

Synthesis, release, removal, or receptor binding can be changed A

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Agonist

Enhances neurotransmitter effect

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Antagonist

Blocks neurotransmitter effect

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GABA

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (CNS only)G

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Glycine

Inhibitory (important in the spinal cord)

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What does prozac effect

Serotonin reuptake inhibition (keeps serotonin circulating in the bodym helping with depression)

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Spinal Plexus

Rearrangement of spinal nerves into functional groups

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Major spinal plexuses

  1. Cervical

  2. Brachial

  3. Lumbar

    1. Sacral

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Spinal Meninges

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater D

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Dura Mater Composition

Dense, irregular connective tissue with collagen/elastic fibers

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Arachnoid Mater

Middle meninx, web-like

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Pia Mater

Delicate inner meninx attached to spinal cord

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Lumbar puncture samples what

CSF from the subarachnoid space (done in the lumbar region do avoid hitting the spinal cord because the cord ends around L1-L2)

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Subarachnoid space contains…

CSF