SAS 7: DRUGS PART II

from mefenamic acid until anti-arrythmia

adult dosage mefenamic acid

500mg TID

followed by 250mg 6 hourly as necessary (not more than 1 week)

elderly dosage mefenamic acid

use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration

child dosage mefenamic acid >6mo to <2y.o

25 mg/kg daily in divided doses or 50mg 1-3 times daily

child dosage mefenamic acid 2-<5 y.o

100mg 1-3 times daily

child dosage mefenamic acid 9-<12 y.o

200mg 1-3 times daily

child dosage mefenamic acid ≥12 y.o

as tab or cap

same as adult dose 500mg TID (not more than 1 week)

adult dosage of celecoxib

maybe taken with or without food

maintenance: 200 mg bid if needed

400mg → followed by an additional dose of 200mg if needed on day 1

elderly dosage celecoxib <50 kg

initiate at the lowest recommended dose

adult dosage etoricoxib

90mg once daily (max usage is 3 days)

maybe taken with or without food

for postoperative dental surgery pain

given during the acute symptomatic period

commonly used for arthritis and dental pain

zompirac

ibuprofen

benoprofen

mefenamic acid

aspirin + iodobenzamide (IBZM)

reduced biologic half-life through accelerating it’s excretion

biologic half-life

eliminate half the amount of substance that has entered the body

mild analgesics

mild analgesic + anticoagulants

moderate analgesics

propoxyphene codiene

narcotic drugs

morphine

meperidine

oxycodone

hydromorphone

anti-anxiety

help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as panic attacks or extreme fear and worry

anti-anxiety drugs

clonazepam

alprazolam (xanax)

lorazepam (ativan)

diazepam (valium)

tranquilizers benzodiazepines “ZEPAM”

effects of anti-anxiety drugs

sedation

xerostomia

drowsiness

anti-depressants

used in mild endogenous depression in ambulatory patient

they work by correcting chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain

tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

an antidepressants

potentiate with local anesthetic

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) + demerol

antidepressants

severe reaction such as coma, respiratory depression, hypotension

anti-convulsants

anti-epileptic or anti-seizures drugs

anti-convulsants drugs

phenobarbital

phenytoin (dilantin)

diazepam (valium)

carbamazepine (tegretol)

sedatives & hypnotics

tranquilizers

habituation

sedatives & hypnotics drugs

butalbital

hyoscyamine

tranquilizers + barbiturates

central depressant effect

sedatives & hypnotics

potentiated by narcotics used for pain control

anti-anemic

mostly given to women

S/S of anemia

chronic fatigue

burning tongue

atrophy of papillae

weakness & tingling sensation of extremities

anti-anemics drugs

vit. B12

folic acid

liver extract

iron compounds

adrenergic

“adrenaline”

sympathetic nervous system pathway

cholinergic

parasympathetic nervous system pathway

alpha

increases heart rate & rhythm

sedation, analgesia & sympatholytic effects

beta

increases heart rate → causes bronchodilation

sympathetic system

pupils dilate

heart beats faster

lungs increase oxygen intake

stomach contracts slow

parasympathetic system

pupils constrict

heart beats slower

stomach contracts

lungs reduce oxygen intake

renin-angiostensin system

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

circulation of blood

anti-angina drugs

propanolol

amyl nitrate

nitroglycerine

nitroglycerine

anti-angina drug

widest use for angina pectoris

amyl nitrate

not routinely prescribed for angina

inhalant for emergency relief of anginas pain

propanolol

beta-blocker

causes bronchial constriction & precipitate heart failure

interactions have an additive effect on general anesthetics

lidocaine

propanolol

barbiturates

chlorpromazine

caution for anti-angina drugs

use minimum concentration of vasoconstrictor in LA to reduce effect of epinephrine & other sympathomimetic drugs on heart rate

anti-arrythmia drugs

quinidine

phenytoin

propanolol

procainamide

thrombocytopenia

associated with quinidine and may be the cause of spontaneous gingival bleeding after oral surgery