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how you feel and where you are, that is when you use estar
Fue for an action, estaba for a state
SER
for things that are permanent, cannot be changed overnight
identity, occupation, inherent qualities, physical appearence, date/time
ESTAR
location and temporary things
Moods, temporary traits
Choosing a tense in the past
Use imperfect if DEDURE(x) (haha Durex funny)
DEscripción
DUración
REpetición
Use preterite if a specific time
Careful because using preterite means the action is over; eg with names/ages etc it will always be impf becuase otherwise they are no longer called that or no longer alive
Dealing with transitive verbs
The door opened suddenly
Transitive verbs require a direct object; eg to find
If there is no DO you need to use “se"
La puerta se abrió de repente
Use of gerunds
A gerund in Spanish is an ADVERB; can't use without another verb
Formed by ser + past participle (w correct ending) + por
NOT ESTAR!
eg el libro fue escrito por mi hermano
Has to be for a transitive verb, otherwise it doesn’t work
tenses: es, fue, será
TO AVOID:
pronoun 'se' + verb in the third person plural; se vendieron tres casas
hay que/tener que
indefinite 'they' eg me han robado el coche, escuchaban la radio
se cierran las aulas con llave todas las tardes
Conjugate er/ir regular verbs preterite tense
-í -iste -ió -imos -isteis -ieron
When to use subj
after a WEIRDO verb! usually followed by a 'que'
Wishes (quiero que, te pido que)
Emotions (me alegro de que)
Impersonal expressions (es necesario que)
Recommendations (recomienda que)
Doubt (dudo que, no creo que)
Ojalá
aunque usually takes subj
When cuando is in the future it takes subj
Ni que + subj (it’s not like)
No porque [subj] sino porque [indic]
No sabía que [subj] (to show extra surprise)
estilo indirecto; indicative reported speech
if introductory verb is in present, the indirect speech stays the same
if introductory verb is in past....
pres becomes impf
pres subj becomes impf subj
impf stays the same
pf and pret become plpf
fut becomes conditional