Plant Phys Exam 3 - Set 2

lipids

a large and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are related by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents and general insolubility in water

Parthenocarpy

the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules

Second messengers

small molecules & ions that are rapidly produced or mobilized at relatively high levels after signal perceptions which can modify the activity of target signaling proteins

cell polarization

the specialization of developmental events along one orientation or one direction

metabolic redundancy

the existence of multiple pathways that serve a similar function and can replace each other without a clear loss of function

What are the three main energy carrier molecules used in plants cells to store or release energy?

ADP/ATP; NAD+/NADH; FAD/ FADH2

Sucrose oxidation is broken down into what 4 major processes?

Glycolosis, oxidative phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

What pathway serves as an alternative to glycolysis for the oxidation of sugars in plant cells?

Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway

Where does respiration occur in plant cells?

mitochondria, chloroplasts & cytosol

List 2 alternative pathways which reduce efficiency of ATP synthesis in mitochondria

Alternative Oxidase, Uncoupling proteins

What is the term used to describe a plants growth response to light?

Phototropism

What plant hormone is responsible for plant movement towards the light?

Auxin

What are the 3 different types of cross regulation?

Primary, secondary, tertiary cross regulation

What are the 2 major classes of plant hormones?

Promoters/Inhibitors

Describe the transport of auxin throughout a plant.

basipedal (polar) transport (towards the base of the plant)

What are the 3 major stages of seed plant sporophyte development

Embryogenesis; vegetative development; reproductive development

The basic phytomer observed in seed plants is a repetition of what 4 structures?

Internode, node, leaf, axillary meristem

Describe the pattern of embryogenesis development.

Polarity established; Specialized into epidermal, cortical & vascular tissues; Apical meristems established; established dormancy

What are the 3 cues (or kinds of functional elements) for position dependent determination of cell fate?

1.Must be cues that signify unique positions within developing structure

2.Individual cells must have means to assess the location in relation to positional cues

3.Cells must have ability to respond appropriately to positional cues

Briefly summarize the Citric Acid Cycle in 2 sentences or less.

Series of chemical reactions which oxidize acetate derived from carbs/ fats/proteins into CO2 & ATP while releasing NADH and FADH2

What is the vein size class represented by the orange line?

Mid (primary) vein