lab 2: the axial skeleton

Process

Name this term:

A natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage

Condyle

Name this term:

Smooth, rounded articular process

Facet

Name this term:

Small, flat articular surface

Fossa

Name this term:

Shallow depression

Sulcus

Name this term:

Narrow groove

Foramen (plural: foramina)

Name this term:

Round passageway

Canal (meatus)

Name this term:

Passageway through the substance of a bone

Fissure

Name this term:

Elongated cleft

Sinus

Name this term:

Chamber within bone

Lambdoid suture

Separates occipital bone and parietal bone

Coronal suture

Separates parietal and frontal bone

Sagittal suture

Divides the two parietal bones from each other

Squamous suture

Separates other bones from temporal bones

Frontal bone

Frontal sinus

(Red dots on model) Spaced filled chamber

Lacrimal fossa

Superolateral (above and toward the side) depression within eye socket

Supra-orbital margin

Thickening above eye sockets; eyebrows

Supra-orbital foramen (or notch)

Small groove at superior and medial margin of the orbit in the frontal bone

Parietal bones (2)

Occipital bone

External occipital protuberance

Point of the occipital bone (outside view of skull)

Internal occipital protuberance

Point of the occipital bone (inside view of skull)

External occipital crest

Bridge leading to foramen magnum (outside view of skull)

Internal occipital crest

Bridge leading to foramen magnum (inside view of skull)

Occipital condyles

Either side of foramen magnum

Foramen magnum

Hole connecting cranial to spinal cord

Jugular foramen

Holes just outside occipital condyles

Hypoglossal canal

Hole that goes through condyles

Temporal bones (2)

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

Left half of zygomatic arch; before the suture

Zygomatic arch

Arch above mandible; Cheek bone

Mandibular fossa

Point where mandible attaches to temporal bone ("Gel like structure on model)

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Bottom part of the temporal bone closest to the occipital bone; Where the ear would be

Styloid process of temporal bone

Stiletto like coming from mastoid process; point

Squamous part of temporal bone

Lower portion; "valleys"; smooth part around mountains

Petrous part of temporal bone

Higher portion; "mountains"

Temporal fossa

Depression that includes 4 bones; "rubbing your temples"

External acoustic canal

Right behind mandibular fossa

Internal acoustic canal

Shallow hole the side of the petrous part; "cave in the mountain"

Carotid canal

Circular hole; medial to styloid process; stick needle through hypoglossal canal & it will point to this

Foramen lacerum

Holes closest to center line

Stylomastoid foramen

Holes between styloid and mastoid process

Sphenoid (or sphenoidal bone)

"Pterodactyl"

Body of sphenoid

center; portion of sphenoid that does not include wings

Sella turcica

"seat"

Sphenoidal sinuses

Red dots deep to sphenoid

Lesser wings of sphenoid

"handle bars"; on top of the greater wings

Greater wings of sphenoid

big wings on the sides; below lesser wings

Pterygoid processes

"legs"

Optic canal

Most medial hole in the eye socket

Superior orbital fissure

large hole next to optic canal

Foramen rotundum

Above the foramen ovale; hiding

Foramen ovale

A bigger looking oval; before the foramen spinosum

Foramen spinosum

smallest hole after the foramen ovale

Hypophyseal fossa

only the depression

Ethmoid bone (Ethmoidal bone)

unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain.

Cribriform plate

The colored structure that includes the olfactory foramina.

Crista galli

Ridge on top cribriform plate

Superior nasal conchae

only on one model (more yellowish model); can see from the inside

Middle nasal conchae

in the nasal cavity; in most models you can only see this one

Perpendicular plate

Middle line between superior and inferior conchae

Olfactory foramina

Holes in cribriform plate

(the green dots on the pic)

Maxillary bones (Maxillae; 2)

Orbital rim

Bottom ridge of eye-socket

Anterior nasal spine

Point just below the nose hole

Alveolar process

Ridges where the teeth fit in; "gums"

Palatine processes

Upper/frontal region of roof of mouth; closer to front teeth

Maxillary sinuses

Red dots above teeth

Nasolacrimal canal

Runs through the eye socket to the nose; more infront

Infra-orbital foramina

Outside, just below eye socket, small holes on cheek bones

Inferior orbital fissure

Large gap in the bottom of eye socket; below superior

Mandible

Entire Structure

Jawbone

Body of mandible

Chin portion, where you can hold onto the mandible

Mental protuberance

Bump in front of your chin

Ramus of mandible

Back part of mandible where 2 divots are

Condylar process of mandible

Back attachment; by the ear; connects to the ramus

Coronoid process of mandible

Front attachment; towards the teeth; "where a corona would hit first"

Mental foramina

Holes on side of the body of mandible (outside)

Mandibular notch

Separates the condylar and coronoid processes

Mandibular foramen

Holes on the inside part of ramus

Zygomatic bones (2)

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

Connects to the temporal bone; infront of zygomatic arch

Palatine bones (2)

Lower part of the roof of the mouth; towards molars

Nasal bones (2)

Vomer

Below perpendicular plate

Inferior nasal conchae (2)

Below middle nasal conchae

Lacrimal bones (2)

Medial portion of the eye socket

Lacrimal sulcus

depression leading to the nasolacrimal canal

Hyoid bone

Neck bone

Body of hyoid

Part you can grab; central mass

Lesser horns of hyoid

Smaller projections

Greater horns of hyoid

Bigger horns in back

Fontanelles

allow for distortion during passage through vaginal canal and for brain growth

Anterior fontanelle

On top of the skull; pink spot

Occipital fontanelle

Above the occipital bone

Sphenoidal fontanelle

Near temporal fossa (where 4 bones connect)

Mastoid fontanelle

Near Mastoid process; where ear would be

vertebral column

bears wights of upper body, upright posture, protecting the spine

12

How many Thoracic vertebrae do humans have?

5

How many Lumbar vertebrae do humans have?