Blood Types and Blood Cells II

These flashcards cover key concepts about blood types, blood cells, and their functions.

What determines a person's ABO blood type?

A person's ABO blood type is determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the erythrocyte membrane.

What are the four ABO blood types?

The four ABO blood types are A, B, AB, and O.

What type of antibodies are present in Type A blood?

Type A blood has anti-B antibodies in its plasma.

What happens during an incompatible blood transfusion?

Agglutination occurs, leading to clumping of transfused erythrocytes, which can block blood vessels and cause hemolysis.

What is the Rh factor?

The Rh factor is an antigen (antigen D) present on erythrocytes that determines if blood type is positive or negative.

What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A condition resulting from an Rh negative mother being exposed to Rh positive blood, leading to destruction of fetal red blood cells.

What is diapedesis?

Diapedesis is the process of leukocytes squeezing through blood vessel walls.

What are granulocytes?

Granulocytes are a type of leukocyte with visible granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

What is the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes in blood and phagocytize infectious pathogens.

What characterizes eosinophils?

Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus and are involved in phagocytizing antigen-antibody complexes and are active in parasitic infections.

What are the three categories of lymphocytes?

The three categories of lymphocytes are T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells.

What is leukemia?

Leukemia is a malignancy in leukocyte-forming cells leading to abnormal proliferation of leukocytes.

What are platelets and their primary function?

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are cell fragments important for blood clotting.

What condition is indicated by leukocytosis?

Leukocytosis indicates an elevated leukocyte count, which may be caused by infection or stress.

What is the lifespan of a platelet?

Platelets circulate for 8 to 10 days before being broken down and recycled.