Ap gov judicial review

In Shaw v. Reno (1993) the U.S. Supreme Court held that

no racial gerrymandering no minority majority districts

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ended legalized racial segregation in public schools in America. Which clause of the Constitution was this ruling based on?

Equal protection

Which of the following statements best explains how the Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) changed the balance of power between law and order and the protection of individual liberties?

No prior restraint the fed govt cannot just tell our newspapers what they can/cannot print

Lereed Shelton represented himself in an Alabama Circuit Court criminal trial. The court warned Shelton about the difficulties that self-representation entailed, but at no time offered him assistance of counsel at state expense. Ultimately, Shelton was convicted of misdemeanor assault and sentenced to a 30-day jail term, which the trial court suspended, placing Shelton on two years' unsupervised probation. Shelton appealed on Sixth Amendment grounds. The Alabama Supreme Court reversed Shelton's suspended jail sentence. Shelton won his case on appeal before the Supreme Court. Which case compares best to Alabama v. Shelton?

Gideon v Wainwright

In court rulings, reliance on past decisions to formulate decisions in new cases is known as which of the following?

stare decis

The "rule of four" is a Supreme Court practice which permits four of the nine justices to

determine if case is worthy

When a case that an interest group is interested in, but not actually sponsoring, comes before a court, the group can

amicus curiae brief

Congress passes a national statute creating a national covid passport for travel between states and out of the country. Immediately this is challenged by Governors of Texas and Florida, the Supreme Court decides to take this case on. The Solicitor General when asked about the case cites the "necessary and proper clause" and quotes the initial case to clarify the meaning of this clause. Which case is he referring too?

McCulloch v Maryland

Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) on Tuesday blasted U.S. corporations for getting involved in national political debates, saying such decisions are alienating to consumers.The Associated Press reported that McConnell made the remarks at a press conference, referring to criticism of Georgia's new voting law by Coca-Cola and other companies."It's quite stupid to jump in the middle of a highly controversial issue," McConnell told reporters. - The following statements by McConnell seem to be directly contradictory to his support of corporations having unlimited free speech rights in the form of campaign contributions. Which case allowed for corporations to have the same free speech rights as individual people in the U.S.

Citizens v U.S

A pastafarian student is told to remove the pasta strainer from his head at school. The student contends that the school is inhibiting his "free exercise of religion."

Wisconsin v Yoder

A high school football player is suspended from school for "taking a knee" during the National Anthem. Which case would be most relevant to his attorney's case before the courts?

Tinker v Des Moines

Which of the following can modify a decision of the Supreme Court?

An Amendment

In the case Twining v. New Jersey (1908), the Supreme Court held that the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination is not applicable to the states. In 1964 the Supreme Court overruled the decision in Malloy v. Hogan (1964) and held that the right was incorporated to the states. This scenario illustrates which of the following?

Different Court different judges

A United States Supreme Court justice has announced his retirement at the end of the current Supreme Court term. What is the most likely presidential action in response to this announcement?

Nominate or appoint

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision?

2nd amendment

In The Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton states, "A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning." Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this statement?

Marbury v. Madison

In The Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the federal judiciary "is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power." Which of the following statements represents a reason he gave for this argument?

wrote angry letters

In 1998, Goodyear employee Lilly Ledbetter filed suit against her employer for pay discrimination based on her gender. Though Ledbetter was initially successful, Goodyear appealed the decision and the case went to the Supreme Court. In Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (2007), the Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires that sex discrimination complaints must be made within 180 days "after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred," which Ledbetter had failed to do. Which of the following actions could be taken to reverse the impact of the decision?

change civil rights act to give more days

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court used the power of judicial review established in Marbury v. Madison (1803) to strike down a Georgia state law that regulated the relationship between citizens of Georgia and members of the Cherokee Nation. President Andrew Jackson opposed the decision and famously challenged the Supreme Court to enforce it. As the Supreme Court was not able to enforce the decision, the other branches of government ignored it. This example illustrates which of the following?

need for an executive branch

In Baker v. Carr (1962), the Supreme Court ruled that a state legislature would have to redraw their representative districts in order to comply with the Constitution. Which of the following potential difficulties could have resulted from this decision?

One person one vote a census every ten years and what could happen is partisan voting

On January 6, 2021, Trump spoke for more than an hour at his long-planned rally, a rally he had promised would be "wild." He primed his audience for months by repeating the lie that the election had been stolen from him, and from them. His rhetoric was violent. Trump used the word fight more than twenty times on January 6 as he urged his listeners to march down Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol to "stop the steal" and take back their country. The audience took him at his word: they marched and they fought. They had come prepared to do just that, many wearing military-style gear and carrying weapons, although it is illegal to carry firearms without a permit in the District of Columbia. After listening to Trump, hundreds of them broke into the Capitol and charged through the House and Senate hallways, fighting with police, tracking down legislators, and chanting "Hang Mike Pence." It was textbook imminent lawless action.... Officers who were harmed and or killed as a result of this rally might want his or her lawyers to cite which case to define Trump's speech as posing a "clear and present danger."

Schenck v. U.S

Congress passes a national statute creating a national covid passport for travel between states and out of the country. Immediately this is challenged by Governors of Texas and Florida, the Supreme Court decides to take this case on. On Fox News the lawyer from the State of Texas states that the Federal government does not have the power to do this, and the passport itself does not fall under the category of "necessary and proper" and that the law impedes the 10th Amendment powers of the states. He goes on to cite which case to back up the rights of the states.

Lopez