History Unit 6/7 Test ID's

Steam Engine

Utilizes heat and steam pressure for motion, pivotal in the industrial revolution for powering machines, trains, and ships.

Guano

Discovered in the 19th century, seabird excrement used as fertilizer, aiding in farming and global food production.

Proletariat

Urban working class, distinct from the bourgeoisie, characterized by laborers without ownership of means of production.

Tsar Alexander II

Reformer who abolished serfdom in 1861, assassinated in 1881, known as the "Tsar Liberator."

Russian Revolution of 1905

Sparked by political and social unrest, leading to the formation of Soviets and reforms in response to the loss in the Russo-Japanese war.

Karl Marx

German philosopher, founder of Marxism, advocating for a classless socialist society and critiquing capitalism.

Vladimir Lenin

Russian revolutionary, author of "What is to be Done."

Deindustrialization

Shift away from industrial production, often used as a strategy to dominate trade and create dependency.

Banana Republic

Nation reliant on a single crop or foreign capital, characterized by an unstable government and economy.

British Raj

British rule in India from 1858 to 1947, exemplifying direct colonialism with British governance.

Berlin Conference of 1884

Split up colonization in Africa, setting borders and treaties without African representation

Cecil Rhodes

British imperialist who believed in European superiority, colonized Southern Africa and influenced Rhodesia.

Leopold II of Belgium

Owned the Congo Free State as a personal possession from 1885 to 1908, distinct from Belgian colonial rule.

Socialism

an economic system in which major industries are owned by the workers, rather than by private businesses or the state

Capitalism

an economic system in which major industries are owned by the workers and workers have free market competition

Marxism

political and economic theory where a society has no classes

Leninism

Thought there should be a dictatorship of the proletariat. One of the first steps towards socialism (where the workers own the factories, etc.). (Vladimir Lenin)

Communism

Government or the whole community owns businesses/land etc. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create.