Chapter 16 Questions

Endocrine System

the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon that serve an ____ function and digestive enzymes that serve an ____ function

endocrine; exocrine

steroids typically act by binding to receptors that:

directly activate genes

if a hormone level is continuously high, what will happen to its receptor numbers?

down regulation

the level of blood calcium leads to release of a hormone

humoral control

diabetes caused by auto-immune damage to pancreatic cells

type I

which of these is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone: LH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin

all are anterior pituitary hormones

chronic/long term stress can lead to an elevated blood pressure through increased blood volume resulting from the elevation of ____

mineralocorticoids

which element is necessary for normal production of thyroid hormone?

iodine

the hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary through:

neural control

aldosterone is released from the ____ in response to ____

adrenal cortex; low blood pressure

gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ____

cortisol

which is released from beta cells of the pancreas?

insulin

which leads to estrogen/testosterone release?

LH

which retains water by producing less urine?

ADH

ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to release corticosteroid hormones

false

which hormone results in reabsorption of sodium in the kidney?

aldosterone

most type II diabetics do not produce insulin

false

which causes increased milk production?

prolactin

which of the following is NOT made from cholesterol?

epinephrine

ADH and Aldosterone will both ____ blood pressure

increase

which produces a hormone (EPO) that increases red blood cell production?

kidney

diabetes caused by a decreased sensitivity of cells to the insulin produced is ____

type I

a woman in her 40s complains of lethargy, cold intolerance, and weight gain. she likely has:

too little thyroid hormone

a man enters a clinic complaining of a growth in his neck. he lacks iodine in his diet. he also complains of lethargy, cold intolerance, and weight gain. he likely has:

all of these

which hormone will increase plasma calcium and where does it come from?

PTH from parathyroid

hypersecretion of catecholamines can result in hypertension

true

the prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis

true

oxytocin and ADH are released by the posterior pituitary

true

the beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin

true

glands produce ____

hormones

responses of the endocrine system are ____ but ____ lasting than nervous system responses

slower; longer

endocrine glands send their products throughout the body through a system of ducts

false

though hormones circulate systemically, only cells with receptors for that hormone are affected. these cells are called ____

target cells

____-soluble hormones act on intracellular receptors, whereas ____-soluble hormones act on plasma membrane receptors to alter the activity of the cell

lipid; water

hormone release is most commonly controlled by positive-feedback systems

false

target cells form ____ receptors in response to low hormone levels; this is called ____

more; up-regulation

the role of insulin is to ____ blood glucose levels, and the role of glucagon is to ____ blood glucose levels

lower; raise

more than one hormone producing the same effects on a target cell, causing amplification, is an example of ____

synergism