Learn for memory test

4 marks - describe wmm (BREAKDOWN)

Baddeley and Hitch

Short term memory broken down - how it splits

Central executive brakes down into: ( pass process break)

• Episodic buffer:temporary storage for vss and pl

• Visa-Spatial sketchpad: visual cache/inner scribe Visual and spatial information

• Phonological loop: phonoligical store and articularitory control/ speech perception and speech production

4 marks - describe wmm (Baddeley and Hitch)

The working memory model was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974.

4 marks - describe wmm Short term memory

It is a model of the short term memory and includes the central executive which then breaks down into other components (which are called slave systems).

4 marks - describe wmm central executive

All information passes to the Central Executive (CE) which then decides which component should process it. The CE can process information from any of the five senses.

The CE breaks down into 3 sections called the episodic buffer visa-spatial scratchpad and the phonological loop.

4 marks - describe wmm (Episodic buffer)

The episodic buffer is a temporary storage device used to integrate the information from the VSS and PL - the EB ensures all information from the slave systems links together and forms a cohesive whole which makes sense

4 marks - describe wmm the visa-spatial sketchpad

The visa-spatial sketchpad is concerned with visual and spatial information which it organises into separate components. There are two parts to the VSS: the inner scribe which deals with spatial information and the visual cache which stores information about form, shape and colour

4 marks - describe wmm the phonological loop

The phonological loop holds information in the form of speech/sound. There are two parts to the PL: the phonological store which deals with speech perception and articularity control process which processes speech production and rehearses verbal information

2 marks limitation of the wmm (breakdown)

BREAKDOWN

P: Lack of clarity over the nature

E: Baddeley most least

E: needs to be more Clearly specified

L:Challenges the integrity of the WMM

2 marks - limitation of the wmm P

P: A lack of clarity over the nature of the central executive

2 marks - limitation of the wmm E

Baddeley himself recognised this when he said, ‘The central executive is the most important but the least understood component of working memory’

2 marks - limitation of the wmm 2E

needs to be more clearly specified For example, Some psychologists believe the CE may consist of seperate subcomponents.

2 marks - limitation of the wmm L

This challenges that the CE is an unsatisfactory component and this challenges the integrity of the WMM.

6 marks - types of ltm (Breakdown)

Episodic - events/experiences

Semantic - Recalling facts

Procedural - Actions

6 marks - types of ltm episodic

The episodic memory is the part of LTM that relates to experiences a person has had or events from their life.

An example of the episodic memory is a 16th birthday party.

6 marks - types of ltm semantic memory

The semantic memory is the part of LTM that involves knowing and recalling facts, concepts and meanings.

Examples of semantic memory: Knowing that Paris is the capital of France.

6 marks - types of ltm procedural

 The Procedural memory is the part of LTM involved in knowing how to do certain actions or skills

Examples of procedural memory: Knowing how to ride a skateboard

12 marks - describe and evaluate the msm (Breakdown)

BREAKDOWN

Sensory register: modality selection, half a second, very high

Short term memory: acoustic, limited, 18 second

Long term memory: semantic, lifetime, infinite

Strength:

P: STM/LTM different

E: Baddeley words muddled

L: Independent memory stores

Limitation:

P:More than one STM store

E: Shallice and warrington KF amnesia

L: different processes

P: Rehearsal types

E: Volume vs style (watkins)

L: Long term storage achieved

12 marks - describe the msm sensory register

A stimulus is recognised from the environment and then transferred into the sensory register. The coding is modality selection, the duration is less than Half a second and the capacity is very high.

12 marks - describe the msm short term memory

If attention is payed The stimulus goes to the short term memory where the coding is acoustic, the capacity is limited and the duration is 18 seconds.

12 marks - describe the msm long term memory

With prolonged rehearsal the information will go into the long term memory where the coding is semantic, information can be withheld for a lifetime and the capacity may be infinite.

12 marks - evaluate the msm strength P

P: a strength of the MSM is support from other studies showing that the STM and LTM are different

12 marks - evaluate the msm strength E

E: Baddeley found that words sound similar can be mixed up in STM, where as words that mean similar things are mixed in LTM

12 marks - evaluate the msm strength L

L: These studies clearly show that STM and LTM are independent memory stores

12 marks - evaluate the msm Limitation P

P: One limitation of the MSM is evidence of more than one STM store

12 marks - evaluate the msm Limitation E

E: Shallice and Warrington studied KF who had amnesia - he couldn’t remember what he heard but could what he said.

12 marks - evaluate the msm Limitation L

L: This suggests that the MSM is wrong in claiming that there is just one STM store processing different types of information

12 marks - evaluate the msm Limitation P

P: One limitation of the MSM is that prolonged rehearsal is not needed for the transfer to LTM

12 marks - evaluate the msm Limitation E

E: accoridng to MSM he volume of rehearsal effects the transfer to LTM. Watkins found that the type of rehearsal is more important

12 marks - evaluate the msm Limitation L

L: This suggests that the MSM does not fully explain how long term storage is achieved