Respiratory System Infections

These flashcards cover key points regarding acute respiratory infections, their classification, causes, symptoms, treatment protocols, and potential complications, helping to prepare for the exam.

What are acute respiratory infections (IRA)?

Infections that affect the structures of the respiratory system, with high morbidity and mortality rates.

What is the typical duration of acute respiratory infections (IRA)?

Between 7 and 14 days, but can extend up to 4 weeks.

List some risk factors for mortality from IRA in children under 15.

Low birth weight, malnutrition, age under 6 months, inadequate breastfeeding, lack of immunizations, presence of respiratory conditions, chronic diseases, etc.

How are acute respiratory infections classified by location?

Into upper and lower respiratory infections.

What are the uncomplicated upper acute respiratory infections?

Acute rhinopharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis with ulcerations or vesicles.

What can complicate upper acute respiratory infections?

Adenoiditis, otitis media aguda, rinosinusitis aguda, adenitis cervical, absceso retrofaringeo y periamigdalino and sinusitis

What are some uncomplicated lower acute respiratory infections?

Infectious croup, acute laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.

What complications can arise from lower acute respiratory infections?

Atelectasis, empyema, lung abscess, and pneumothorax.

What is the most common cause of acute rhinopharyngitis?

Viral infections, primarily rhinovirus or coronavirus

What are the symptoms of acute rhinopharyngitis in infants under 6 months?

Nasal obstruction, nasal secretions, anorexia, typically no fever. Estornudo, difficulty i sleeping and eating g

What symptoms characterize acute rhinopharyngitis in children 6 months to 3 years?

Fever up to 40°C, irritability, and a orofaringe enrojecida, Secreción nasal(Acuosa, mucopurulente, mucosa), membranan timpanica enrojecida en las primeras 24-38 horas

What do children older than 4 years typically present with in acute rhinopharyngitis?

Reddened oropharynx, pequenia o mediana cervical adenopathy, mild fever or no fever, and nasal irritation.

Escalofruos, cefalea, astenia y mialgias

What is the typical duration of symptoms in acute rhinopharyngitis?

Around 7 days, generally without complications.

What treatments are recommended for acute rhinopharyngitis?

Rest, hydration, continued breastfeeding, and temperature control.

What complications can occur from pharyngotonsillitis with vesicles or ulcerations?

Herpangina and gingivostomatitis.

What are common symptoms of herpangina?

Fever, vomiting, and vesicles on the anterior pillars and palate.

What characterizes pharyngotonsillitis with exudates or membranes?

Involvement of the entire oropharynx with significant symptoms.

What are the most common bacteria causing pharyngotonsillitis with exudates?

Beta-hemolytic streptococcus and diphtheria bacillus.

What is indicated for acute bacterial pharyngotonsillitis treatment?

Antibiotics like penicillin or amoxicillin, for a duration of 10 days.

What defines chronic tonsillitis in children?

Persistent enlargement of tonsils after acute episodes, impacting swallowing.

What is adenoiditis?

Infection of the lymphatic tissue in the nasopharyngeal region.

What are the symptoms of acute adenoiditis?

Fever, nasal obstruction, and possibly a nasal voice.

Which test can help diagnose sinusitis?

Clinical evaluation and possibly imaging like a sinus X-ray.

What are the common symptoms of sinusitis in children?

Fever, headache, purulent nasal discharge, and facial swelling.

What is the first-line treatment for acute sinusitis?

Antibiotics such as amoxicillin.

What is otitis media angina characterized by?

Ear pain, fever, irritability in infants, and an inflamed tympanic membrane.

What are possible complications of otitis media?

Meningitis, abscess formation, and hearing loss.

What is the typical cause of acute otitis externa?

Infection often following swimming in contaminated water.

What differentiates otitis externa from otitis media?

Otitis externa presents with superficial pain and a normal tympanic membrane.

What symptoms occur in laryngitis?

Hoarseness, stridor, and barking cough.

What is a sign of narrowing airways in infectious croup?

Cough that sounds like a seal.”},{