international

Legitimate authority principle

War must be declared and conducted by a recognized, lawful authority, not by individuals or unauthorized groups.

Last resort principle

War should only be used after all non-violent options (diplomacy, negotiation, sanctions) have been exhausted.

Principle of discrimination

Combatants must distinguish between military targets and civilians, only targeting legitimate military objectives.

Mala in se principle

Certain actions in war are inherently evil (wrong in themselves) and are never justified, regardless of circumstances.

Feminine subordination

A system where femininity is associated with dependence, obedience, and lower status, reinforcing inequality.

Protective masculinity

A form of masculinity where men are seen as protectors and women/others as needing protection, creating power hierarchies.

Feminization

A political process of assigning feminine traits (weakness, inferiority) to justify domination or devaluation.

Victim essentialism

The idea that victims must fit a specific 'ideal' image; those who don’t are often ignored or not believed.

Genocidal rape

The use of rape as a deliberate weapon to destroy an ethnic or national group, targeting identity and social cohesion.

A security state

A state that prioritizes security over civil liberties, using surveillance and repression, often justified as protecting the population.

Autarky (in energy security)

A strategy where a state seeks self-sufficiency in energy, minimizing dependence on foreign sources.

Panopticon effect of trade networks

When powerful states control key nodes, they can monitor global transactions and information flows, gaining surveillance power.

Global Supply Chains

Networks where production is spread across multiple countries, with each specializing in different stages of production.