Intro to Environmental

(Chapter 1) What Is Environmental Engineering? (Maybe???)

Applying engineering principles and technology to prevent pollution problems and preserve or improve environmental quailty.

(Chapter 1) What are the core branches of env eng?

Water

Ecology

Wastewater

Air

Energy

Risk

Noise

Solid Waste

(Chapter 1) Exponential Population Growth Equation

$$N=N_{0}e^{rt}$$

$N$: Population at time $t$

$N_{0}$: Population at the start of the exponential growth period

$t$: Time elapsed

$r$: Growth rate

(Chapter 1) Linear Population Growth

$$P_{t}=P_{0}+k\Delta t$$

$P_{t}$: Population at time $t$

$P_{0}$: Population at time zero

$k$: Growth rate

$\Delta t$: Elapsed time relative to time zero

(Chapter 1) What is Total Fertility Rate (Maybe???)

The average number of children born to a woman over her life.

(Chapter 1) What is Replacement Level Fertility (Maybe???)

The fertility rate necessary to maintain a stable population, which is currently set at 2.1.

(Chapter 1) Environmental Protection Hierarchy

(Chapter 1) Sustainable Development (Maybe???)

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future. It considers not only efficiency and profit, but also resource and energy conservation.

(Chapter 1) Environmental Laws, Agencies, and Regulations Maybe???)

Laws are written by Congress to set goals, standards, and penalties, and provide the authority for agencies like the EPA to write regulations. Agencies monitor actions, and regulations explain the technical, operational, and legal details necessary to implement the laws.

(Chapter 1) Water Law and Regulation Acts

(Chapter 1) Air Law and Regulation Acts

(Chapter 1) Solid & Hazardous Waste Law and Regulation Acts

(Chapter 2) Concentration Units

$Molar$ $Mass$: is the sum of all element s atomic masses in $\frac{g}{mol}$

$Mole$: is just like a “dozen”, simply a number of things. But is $6.022\cdot10^{23}$ things.

$Atom$: is a singular element

$Molecule$: is multiple atoms that are non meteal

$Formula$ $Untis$($Ionic$ $Compound$): is multiple atoms but mixing metal and non metal elements

$Solute+Solvent=Solution$: Solute is what is being dissolved, solvent is doing the dissolving.

$$Mass\%=\frac{Solute\left(mass\right)}{Solution\left(mass\right)}$$

$$Volume\%=\frac{Solute\left(Volume\right)}{Solution\left(Volume\right)}$$

$$Molarity\left(M\right)=\frac{mol\left(solvte\right)}{L\left(solution\right)}$$

$$Molality\left(m\right)=\frac{mol\left(solute\right)}{Kg\left(solvent\right)}$$

$$Density=\frac{mass}{volume}$$

$$1mL=1cm³$$

$Normality\left(N\right)=\frac{\#OfEquivalentWeights}{Litre\left(L\right)}$ or $N=n\cdot M$

$n$: Is the species charge

Whats a solution?

A mixture where particles are perfectly and evenly blended into a gas or liquid

Whats a suspension?

A mixture where larger particles are spread out in a gas or liquid but are not perfectly blended.

What is Colloidal Dispersion?

A mixture with fine particles scattered throughout a gas or liquid.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

A rule stating that in a mix of gases that don't react with each other, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the individual pressures of each gas.