gen chem I - final

percent yield

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100%

limiting reagent

substance that makes smaller amount of product, determines theoretical yield, not a number

calculating limiting reagent

balance combustion reaction, convert grams of alkane and O2 to grams of CO2 (mol O2 x mol CO2/mol O2 × 44.01g CO2/1 mol CO2), smaller amount is limiting reagent

1 atm

standard pressure

22.4L

standard volume

0.0821 atm L/mol K

gas law constant

273K

standard temperature

760mmHg

1 atm equals ___ mmHg

3 sigfigs

how many sigfigs does 700mmHg have

isothermic

constant temperature

isobaric

constant pressure

closed container

constant moles

glass container

constant volume

multiplication

number with least amount of sigfigs → answer has that amount

addition/subtraction

placement of last sigfig → answer has that amount

specific heat

amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of substance by 1 degree celsius

4.184 J/gC

specific heat of water

endothermic

substance takes in heat

exothermic

substance releases heat

Hess’s Law

energies of reaction. No matter what energetic path you take, the energy change remains constant