5.3 and 5.5 AP Psychology Vocab

Behavioral perspective

explains disorders as learned behaviors through conditioning

Biological perspective

explains disorders through brain, genetics, and neurotransmitters

Biopsychosocial model

combines biological, psychological, and social factors

Cognitive perspective

focuses on faulty thinking patterns and beliefs

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

manual used in the U.S. to diagnose mental disorders

Diathesis

stress model

Distress

emotional suffering like anxiety or sadness

Dysfunction

inability to function in daily life

Eclectic approach

using multiple therapy approaches

Evolutionary perspective

behavior explained through survival and adaptation

Humanistic perspective

focuses on growth, free will, and potential

International Classification of Mental Disorders (ICD)

global system for diagnosing disorders

Psychodynamic perspective

focuses on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences

Psychological disorder

pattern of thoughts/behaviors causing distress or dysfunction

Sociocultural perspective

focuses on influence of culture and environment

Stigma

negative attitudes toward people with disorders

Stigma Impact Scale

measures how stigma affects a person’s life

Active listening

therapist listens and reflects understanding

Antianxiety drugs

reduce anxiety by calming the nervous system

Antidepressants

improve mood by affecting neurotransmitters

Antipsychotic medications

treat severe disorders like schizophrenia

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

uses reinforcement to change behavior

Aversion therapies

pair bad behavior with unpleasant stimulus

Behavior therapy

uses learning principles to change behavior

Biofeedback

control bodily functions like heart rate

Cognitive restructuring

changing negative thoughts

Cognitive therapies

focus on changing thinking patterns

Cognitive triad

negative views of self, world, and future

Cognitive

behavioral therapies

Code of ethics

rules for therapist behavior

Deinstitutionalization

moving patients to community care

Dialectical behavior therapy

CBT with focus on emotions and mindfulness

Dream interpretation

analyzing dreams for unconscious meaning

Electroconvulsive therapy

electric shock for severe depression

Evidence

based practice

Exposure therapies

gradual exposure to fears

Fear Survey Schedule

measures level of fear

Free association

saying whatever comes to mind

Group therapy

therapy with multiple people

Hypnosis

altered state used for treatment

Integrity

honesty and strong moral principles

Lesioning

destroying brain tissue to change behavior

Lithium

mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder

Lobotomy

outdated brain surgery cutting connections

Nonmaleficence

do no harm

Person

centered therapy

Meta

analysis

Mindfulness

awareness of present moment

Practice guidelines

recommendations for treatment

Psychoactive drugs

drugs affecting mood or behavior

Psychodynamic therapies

focus on unconscious and past

Psychosurgery

brain surgery to treat disorders

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

challenges irrational beliefs

Response hierarchy

list of fears from least to most intense

Systematic desensitization

gradual exposure with relaxation

Tardive dyskinesia

involuntary movements from antipsychotics

Therapeutic alliance

trust between therapist and client

TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)

magnetic brain stimulation for depression

Token economies

rewards for good behavior

Unconditional positive regard

accepting someone without judgment