MIZ Lab Exam 4

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

• what are the 3 general body types

• how many maxillipeds

• how many pereopods

• shrimp-like, crab-like, lobster-like

• 3 pairs maxillipeds

• 5 pairs pereopods = 10 legs

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

• what are the 2 suborders

Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Dendrobranchiata

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • type

  • gills

  • describe pereopods

  • describe pleon

• other

• mostly benthic, few planktonic

• omnivore/scavenger, mostly on animals

• body

  • shrimp like

  • Dendrobranchiate gills (“dendro” = tree-like)

  • pereopods = 1-3 chelate, small

  • pleon segments overlap 1=>2=>3=>etc.

• major commercial group, Penaeid shrimp

taxa

label

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Dendrobranchiata (penaeid shrimp)

1. cephalothorax; 2. pleon; 3. telson; 4. pereopods 1-5; 5. pleopods 1-5; 6. uropods; 7. male petasma; 8. female thelycum

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

• what are the 9 infraorders

Stenopodidea, Caridea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, Anomura, Brachyura, Achelata, Polychelida, Astacidea

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

• gills

• body plan

• non-dendrobranchiate gills

• most are crab-like, the last two infraorders are lobster-like

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Stenopodidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • size

  • what is on the carapace and pleon

  • describe pereopods

• other

• banded coral shrimp

• on structure, reefs

• carnivore, cleaners

• body

  • small

  • thorny body over carapace and pleon

  • pereopods 1-3 chelate, 3rd is large

• popular in aquarium trade

taxa

label

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Stenopodidea

1. cephalothorax covered by carapace; 2. pleon (abdominal segments); 3. telson; 4. uropods; 5. 1st pereopod; 6. 2nd pereopod; 7. 3rd pereopod; 8. 4th pereopod; 9. 5th pereopod; 10. pleopods

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Caridea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body (easiest to get confused w/ dendrobranchiate)

  • what is significant about 2nd pleon segment

  • describe pereopods

• freshwater prawns

• ALL

• ALL

• body

  • 2nd pleon overlaps the 1st and 3rd pleon segments

  • pereopods 1-2 chelate (may be enlarged or not)

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Caridea

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Caridea

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Caridea

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Axiidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • describe pleon

  • describe pereopods

• ghost shrimp, mud shrimp

• sand/mud, constructs burrows

• particulate

• body

  • elongate, weakly calcified pleon

  • pereopod 1-2 are chelate, 1 is large (front half resembles hermit crab, back half resembles crayfish)

taxa

what are the arrows pointing to

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Axiidea

arrows point to first and second pereopods

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Axiidea

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Gebiidea

• habitat

• feeding

• body (looks similar to Axiidea)

  • describe pleon

  • describe pereopods

• sand/mud, constructs burrows

• particulation

• body

  • elongate pleon, weak (but stronger than Axiidea)

  • pereopod 1 is chelate and large

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Gebiidea

taxa

what are the arrows pointing to

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Gebiidea

(arrows point to first and second pereopods)

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Anomura

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • describe pleon

  • describe pereopods

• hermit crabs, king crabs, squat lobster

• benthic

• ALL

• body

  • pleon in under the body, loose and moveable. also soft which is why it uses shells to hide in

  • pereopod: 1st is chelate and large, 5th is very small (so looks like it may only have 4) (pictured in notes)

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Anomura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Anomura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Anomura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Anomura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Anomura

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Brachyura

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • describe pleon

  • describe pereopods

• true crabs = blue crabs, ghost crabs, etc.

• benthic

• ALL

• body

  • pleon is under body and tight

  • pereopod: 1st is chelate and large, 5th is not very small (pictured in notes)

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

1. cephalothorax covered by carapace; 2. 1st pereopod – cheliped; 3. 5th pereopod; 4. 3rd maxilliped

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

1. 1st pereopod – cheliped; 2. 2nd pereopod; 3. 3rd pereopod; 4. 4th pereopod; 5. 5th pereopod; 6. pleon (abdominal segments); 7. telson (M-male, F-female)

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura (M = male, F = female)

taxa

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

taxa

larva type

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

1. zoea larvae

taxa

larva type

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Brachyura

2. megalops larva

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Achelata

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • basic body plan

  • describe antennae

  • describe pereopods

• on structure, reefs

• omnivore/scavenger - mostly animals

• body

  • lobster-like

  • can have long or disk antennae (long would be in spiny lobster to push away predators)

  • pereopods w/out chelate (hence the name)

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Achelata

1. pereopods 1-5; 2. pleopods 2-5; 3. uropods

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Achelata

1. pereopods 1-5; 2. pleopods 2-5; 3. uropods

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Polycheilda

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • shape of body

  • describe pereopods

• deeper water sand/mud bury

• carnivore/scavenger

• body

  • flat body so squished dorsal to ventral

  • pereopods: 1st-4th chelate, sometimes 5 is present, 1st is largest

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Polychelida

1. pereopods 1-5; 2. pleopods 1-5; 3. uropods

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca

Order Decapoda

Suborder Pleocyemata

Infraorder Astacidea

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • describe pereopods

• benthic

• omnivore/scavenger - mostly animals

• body

  • pereopod: 1st-3rd chelate, 1st is large

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

1. pereopods 1-5; 2. pleopods 1-5; 3. uropods

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (external dorsal view) 1. cephalothorax covered by carapace; 2. pleon (abdominal segments); 3. 1st antenna; 4. 2nd antenna; 5. rostrum; 6. eye; 7. 1st pereopod – cheliped; 8. 2nd pereopod; 9. 3rd pereopod; 10. 4th pereopod; 11. 5th pereopod;12. uropods; 13. telson

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (external ventral view) 1. 1st antenna; 2. 2nd antenna; 3. 3rd maxilliped; 4. 1st pereopod – cheliped; 5. 2nd pereopod; 6. 3rd pereopod; 7. 4th pereopod; 8. 5th pereopod; 9. 1st pleopod; 10. 2nd pleopod; 11. 3rd pleopod; 12. 4th pleopod; 13. 5th pleopod; 14. uropod; 15. telson; 16. opening of gonadal ducts (M-male at base of 5th pereopod, F-female at base of 3rd pereopod: see next page for close-up); 17. openings of antennal glands

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (close-up external ventral view) 1. opening of male gonadal ducts; 2. opening of female gonadal ducts; 3. 1st pleopod (M-male, F-female)

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (external ventral view mouth area) sequential removal of mouth parts 1. 3rd maxillipeds; 2. 2nd maxillipeds; 3. 1st maxillipeds

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (external ventral view mouth area) sequential removal of mouth parts 1. 2nd maxillae; 2. 1st maxillae; 3. mandibles

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (internal thorax area) 1. anterior gastric muscle; 2. stomach; 3. mandibular adductor muscle; 4. posterior gastric muscle; 5. digestive gland (hepatopancreas); 6. gills; 7. pericardial membrane; 8. epimeral wall

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (internal thorax area) 1. anterior gastric muscle; 2. stomach; 3. mandibular adductor muscle; 4. posterior gastric muscle; 5. digestive gland (hepatopancreas, upper and lower lobes); 6. heart (lower view heart removed); 7. abdominal extensor muscles; 8. gonads

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (internal head area with stomach removed) 1. brain (anterior ganglia); 2. circumesophageal connectives; 3. antennal gland & sac; 4. esophagus

taxa

label numbers

Arthropoda:Crustacea:Malacostraca:Decapoda:Pleocyemata:Astacidea

dissection (internal pleon area, middle view extensors removed, lower view extensors and flexors removed) 1. abdominal extensor muscles; 2. digestive gland (hepatopancreas, upper and lower lobes in thorax); 3. abdominal flexor muscles; 4. intestine; 5. nerve cord

Phylum Echinodermata

• what are the 5 classes?

Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea, Echinoidea

label the larva stages

1. asteroid bipinnaria; 2. asteroid brachiolaria; 3. echinoid echinopluteus; 4. ophiuroid

ophiopluteus

Phylum Echinodermata

• describe its skeleton

• describe its endoskeleton

• describe water vascular system (WVS): opening, middle, end

• what is catch connective tissue used for

• what are the 2 orientation types

• what is its symmetry

• CaCO3 skeleton

• endoskeleton ossicles which fuse to form spines and plates

• WVS: madreporite = opening letting water in (location is diagnostic) => set of canals throughout the body => ends in podia/tube feet

• catch connective tissue helps hold plates together in starfish arms

• orientation: oral (mouth side) and aboral (non-mouth side)

• pentameric symmetry in most (so in 5’s)

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Crinoidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • what are the 4 main body part

• aka sea lilies and feather stars

• on structure, reefs

• filter particulate

• body

  • calyx, cirri (used for walking), arms, pinnules on arms

class?

label

Crinoidea

1. tegmen; 2. arms; 3. pinnules; 4. calyx; 5. cirri

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • structure on aboral and oral side

• aka starfish

• benthic

• carnivore

• body

  • aboral has madreporite

  • oral has mouth in the center and ambulacral groove where the tube feet are

class

label

Asteroidea

1. papulae; 2. spine; 3. pyloric caeca; 4. ampulla of podia; 5. sucker of podia; 6. radial canal; 7. podia

taxa

label

Asteroidea

dissection (aboral side of body) 1. disk; 2. arm; 3. madreporite; 4. spines; 5. papulae

taxa

label

Asteroidea

dissection (oral side of body) 1. mouth; 2. ambulacral groove containing podia; 3. podia

class

label

Asteroidea

dissection (right view: external covering of arm removed) 1. pyloric caeca

class

label

Asteroidea

dissection (right view: pyloric caeca and gonads removed from arm) 1. pyloric caeca; 2. gonads (under pyloric caeca); 3. ambulacral ridge containing radial canal; 4. ampullae of podia

class

label

Asteroidea

dissection (bottom view: external covering of disk removed) 1. madreporite; 2. pyloric stomach

class

label

Asteroidea

dissection (bottom left view: pyloric stomach removed; bottom right view: stomachs, pyloric caeca, gonads removed) 1. madreporite; 2. pyloric stomach 3. cardiac stomach (under pyloric stomach) 4. stone canal; 5. oral frame around mouth containing ring canal; 6. ambulacral ridge containing radial canal

class

Asteroidea

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Ophiuroidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • what side is the madreporite on

• aka brittle stars

• benthic, some epizoic

• ALL

• body

  • madreporite is on the oral side

class

label

Ophiuroidea

External 1. aboral side of disk; 2. oral side of disk; 3. aboral arm plates; 4. spines; 5.

side arm plates with spines; 6. oral arm plates; 7. tentacle (podia) scales; 8. tentacles (podia)

class

label

Ophiuroidea

External (oral side of disk) 1. interbrachial area, 2. genital (bursal) slit; 3. oral shields

(3m madreporite); 4. one jaw of mouth frame; 5. mouth; 6. oral papillae (line edge of jaws around mouth); 7. oral arm plates; 8. tentacle (podia) scales; 9. spines

class

label

Ophiuroidea

External (oral side of disk) 1. interbrachial area, 2. genital slit s; 3. oral shields; 4. oral

papillae (line edge of jaws around mouth)

class

label

Ophiuroidea

dissection (top view: external covering of disk removed) 1. stomach ; 2. gonads (under

stomach)

class

what is the left and right side showing

Ophiuroidea

left view: aboral side disk and arm; right view: oral side disk and arm

class

what is the left and right side showing

Ophiuroidea

left view: aboral side disk and arm; right view: oral side disk and arm

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Holothuroidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • madreporite location?

  • what is at oral end?

  • what is notable about the ossicles?

• sea cucumbers

• benthic

• particulate

• body

  • madreporite is located internally

  • tentacles on the oral side

  • ossicles embedded in skin, used for taxonomy

class

label

Holothuroidea

external 1. podia scattered across body ; 2. podia in ventral sole; 3. podia in radii

class

label

Holothuroidea

dissection 1. tentacles; 2. calcareous ring; 3. intestine; 4. respiratory trees; 5. cloaca

class

what is shown

Holothuroidea

ossicles from body wall

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Echinoidea

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body

  • what two forms plates can fuse in to?

  • what are the 3 body forms and some key features?

• sea urchins, sand dollars, sea biscuits

• epibenthic, or bury in sand

• ALL

• body

  • plates can fuse into tests (like a shell) or spines

  • body forms:

    • sea urchin = globe shape test w/ spines; Aristotle’s lantern = teeth for anchoring

    • sand dollar = flat test; petals on aboral side; Aristotle’s lantern present

    • Heart urchins = petals form grooves; no Aristotle’s lantern so sediment passes through

class

label

Echinoidea

(sea urchin body plan, external) 1. periproct at aboral pole; 2. madreporite; 3. peristome

at oral pole; 4. jaws of Aristotle's lantern protruding from mouth ; 5. peristomial membrane

class

label

Echinoidea

(sea urchin body plan, external) 1. madreporite; 2. periproct at aboral pole; 3.

interambulacral area of test (without podia); 4. ambulacral area of test (with podia). 5. peristome at oral pole; 6. peristomial membrane; 7. jaws of Aristotle's lantern protruding from mouth

class

label

Echinoidea

dissection (sea urchin body plan, internal) 1. gonads; 2. esophagus; 3. Aristotle's

lantern; 4. intestine; 5. auricle

class

label

Echinoidea

dissection (sea urchin body plan, internal; bottom view: all internal organs removed ) 1.

gonads; 2. intestines; 3. ampullae of podia; 4. ambulacral area of test (with podia); 5.

interambulacral area of test (without podia) ; 6. auricle

class

label

Echinoidea

dissection (sea urchin body plan, bottom view: all internal organs removed ) 1. podia; 2.

spines; 3. pedicellariae; 4. ambulacral area of test (with podia); 5. interambulacral area of test

(without podia); 6. ampullae of podia

class

label

Echinoidea

sand dollar (sand dollar/sea biscuit body plan; left view: with spines; right view: without

spines) 1. petals on aboral side; 2. madreporite; 3. lunules; 4. gonadal pore s; 5. spines; 6.

peristome and mouth on oral side; 7. periproct; 8. food grooves; 9. Aristotle's lantern removed from

body

class

label

Echinoidea

sand dollar (sand dollar/sea biscuit body plan; left view: with spines; right view: without

spines) 1. petals on aboral side; 2. madreporite; 3. gonadal pores; 4. lunules; 5. food grooves on oral side; 6. peristome and mouth 7. periproct

class

label

Echinoidea

example sea biscuit (sand dollar/sea biscuit body plan; left view: with spines; right view:

without spines; center view: enlargement of madreporite & gonadal pores area)

class

label

Echinoidea

(heart urchin body plan; left view: with spines; right view: without spines; center view:

enlargement of madreporite & gonadal pores area) 1. petals on dorsal side; 2. madreporite; 3.

gonadal pores; 4. fascioles; 5. peristome and mouth; 6. labrum; 7. plastron on ventral side; 8.

periproct

Phylum Hemichordata

• what is the class

Enteropneusta

Phylum Hemichordata

Class Enteropneusta

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• body (pictured in notes)

  • what are the 3 main parts

• acornworms

• sand

• deposit particulate

• body

  • trunk => collar (resembles acorn) => proboscis

taxa

label

Hemichordata:Enteropneusta

1. trunk; 2. collar; 3. proboscis

Phylum Chordata

• what are the 2 subphylums?

• Cephalochordata and Tunicata

Phylum Chordata

• what is present in the nervous system?

• what other 2 features are present?

• dorsal nerve cord, notochord present (=structural element along back of animal)

• gill slits

• post anal cords

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cephalochordata

• what is the class

Leptocardii

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Class Leptocardii

• aka

• habitat

• feeding

• general body shape

• Lancelets

• sand

• filters small particulate

• flat, elongate, few cm (looks like a tiny eel)

taxa

label numbers

Chordata:Cephalochordata:Leptocardii

1. oral cirri; 2. nerve cord; 3. notochord; 4. pharyngeal

basket; 5. tail fin; 6. gonads; 7. intestine; 8. atriopore; 9. wheel organ; 10. velum

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Tunicata

• what are the 3 classes?

Ascidiacea, Thaliacea, Appendicularia

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Tunicata

• what is the main distinguishing feature?

tadpole larva stage

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Tunicata

Class Ascidiacea

• habitat

• feeding

• growth form type

• body

  • describe outer covering

  • describe siphons

• attached to structure

• filter small particulate

• colonial and solitary versions

• body

  • thick tonic = outer cover of body

  • 2 siphons = water goes in, what goes out

taxa

label

Chordata:Tunicata:Ascidiacea

(top adult, bottom tadpole larvae) 1. incurrent siphon; 2. ganglia; 3. excurrent siphon; 4. tunic; 5. intestine; 6. pharyngeal basket; 7. endostyle; 8. gonads; 9. stomach; 10. heart; 11. nerve cord; 12. notochord; 13. tail; 14. adhesive papillae

taxa

label

Chordata:Tunicata:Ascidiacea

1. incurrent siphon; 2. excurrent siphon; 3. pharyngeal basket; 4. tunic

taxa

label

Chordata:Tunicata:Ascidiacea

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Tunicata

Class Thaliacea

• habitat

• feeding

• growth form type

• body

  • describe outer covering

  • describe siphons

• planktonic

• filters small particulate

• colonial and solitary phases

• body

  • thin tunic

  • siphons occur at opposite ends = flow through system