Exam 3 - fundamentals of Human nutrition

What are the 4 major groups (classifications of lipids)?

Triglycerides, fatty acids, sterol and phospholipids

Omega-6

Located on the 6th carbon

Omega- 3

Located on the 3rd Carbon

Saturated fats (which have 0 double bonds) are?

Unhealthy

Unsaturated fats (polyunsaturated fats (Omega-3 and Omega-6) and Monounsaturated) are?

Healhier

Animal fats and tropical oil contain mostly?

Saturated fatty acids

Vegetables oils are rich in (you want to consume more of theres to prevent heart disease)?

monounsaturated

Trans fat

are the most unhealthy

Which fats increase LDL- cholesterol?

Trans fat and saturated fat

Which fats decrease the effect of LDL-cholestrol?

Monounsaturated fats, Polyunsaturated fats, and sterols

Coconut oil increases which cholesterol (a cause of cardiovascular disease)?

LDL

High amounts of what fat is not good for someone with heart disease?

Saturated

EPA and DHA is a type of what?

Omega 3 - fatty acid

Too much og omega 3 can be harmful (arctic circle example), but it can be super harmful for BLANK because of mercury levels

pregnant woman

Fish - omega 3 fatty acid helps with

inflammation

Omega - 3 guidelines for pregnancy

First receive nutrients from food than resort to algae based supplement based safe for pregnant women.

What are the best choices for Omega-3?

Catfish, shrimp, Tuna, salmon, Flounder haddock

The American heart association recommends that people with coronary heart disease take 1,000 mg of combined EPA and DHA daily.

SOmeone who already has heart disease

Taking high doses of fish oil supplements might increase the risk of..

bleeding and possibly stroke

5 things to know about fish oil supplements..

Evidence is lacking that they prevent heart disease or stroke in the general population and most experts do not reccomend them for people at high risk for heart disease or stroke.

Dietary fat recommendations

• total fat between 20 to 30 percent of calories

• less than 10 percent of calories from saturated fatty acids

• 15- 20 percent from monounsaturated and 10 percent from polyunsaturated fat

Fat digestion and absorption

CCK signals to release bile → emulsified fat → pancreatic lipase is released by the pancreas → it gets broken down to monoglycerides, glycerol and fatty acids.

Transport of lipids - lipoproteins structure

Cholestrol, phospolipids, triglycerides, and proteins