Component Of Programming Language

Vocabulary flashcards covering the fundamental components of programming including storage types, naming rules, data types, and arithmetic operations as presented in Chapter 2.

Basic Operations

The six types of operations performed by a program: receive input, produce output, assign value into storage, perform arithmetic and logic operation, make selection, and repeating a set of actions.

Program Elements

The general components of a computer program, including the Input section, Storage allocation (Constants, Variables, Data Structures, Files), Processing (arithmetic, logic, and control structures), and the Output Section.

Storage

One of the essential resources of a program consisting of a location in computer memory allocated to the program to hold values of specific data types.

Identifier

The name given to a specific storage location.

Identifier Naming Rules

Rules requiring that an identifier must begin with a letter and can be followed by a letter, number, or underscore ( _ ).

Constant

A storage element used to hold a fixed value that cannot be altered during program execution, such as $PI = 3.1416$.

const

A keyword used to declare a constant and it must be initialized; the syntax is $<data\,type>\,const\,<identifier> = value;$.

Variables

Storage elements that hold values on a temporary basis which might be altered during program execution.

Data Structure

In the context of storage, this refers to an array or a pointer.

Array

Contagious memory locations that hold more than one value of the same type, such as $char\,name[20];$ or $int\,score[20];$.

Integer Data Types

C++ data types used for whole numbers like $90$ or $-78$, represented by $int$ or $long$.

Floating point Data Types

C++ data types used for decimal numbers like $4.5$ or $-0.67$, represented by $float$ or $double$.

Character Data Type

A C++ data type used for single characters like $\text{'A'}$ or $\text{'*'}$, represented by $char$.

Input Statement

A statement used to receive input from a keyboard or file using the $cin$ keyword and the input stream operator ($>>$).

Output Statement

A statement used to display output on a screen or write to a file using the $cout$ keyword and the output stream operator ($<<$).

endl

A keyword that forces the cursor to begin at a new line during output operations.

Arithmetic Operations

The five basic operations in programming: Addition ($+$), Subtraction ($-$), Multiplication ($*$), Division ($/$), and Modulo ($\%$).

Modulo ($\%$)

An arithmetic operation that calculates the remainder of a division operation.

Integer Division

A division operation where if two integers are divided, the result is an integer and any fraction is truncated (e.g., $5 / 2$ results in $2$).

static_cast

A keyword used for Type Conversion (Casting) to store a value into a variable of a different type, following the syntax $static\_cast<data\_type>(expression)$.