AB Exam Kidney/Spleen/Adrenal

Parapelvic cysts are typically located

renal sinus

A congenital anomaly that is found primarily in males is

ureterocele

The most common solid renal mass found in childhood is

Wilm’s tumor

Fusion of the lower pole of the kidneys is called?

horseshoe kidney

A cause of nonobstructive hydronephrosis is

overhydration

In cases of Nephrocalcinosis, calcium deposits are usually located in the

medulla

Which one of the following clinical findings is the most likely reason for a renal artery Doppler examination? HTN, Oliguria, Hematuria, Severe flank pain

hypertension

Which one of the following is present in urine whenever extensive damage or destruction of the functioning erythrocytes occurs? Protein, Creatinine, Hemoglobin, Albumin

hemoglobin

The kidneys are located in the

retroperitoneal cavity

An extremely large echogenic renal sinus that appears to engulf the entire renal parenchymal outline would suggest the possibility of

lipomatosis

Clinical symptoms associated with inflammatory renal masses include

fever, chills, flank pain

The vessel seen posterior to IVC on sagittal scan represents the

right renal artery

The left kidney is in contact with the

Spleen, pancreas, colon, and jejunum

The right kidney is in contact with the

Liver, colon, and adrenal

Renal sonography is NOT helpful in evaluating

renal function

A potential space located between the liver edge and right kidney is

Morison’s pouch

A baseline renal transplant sonographic examination is performed within _____ hours after surgery.

48-72 hours

Pyonephrosis refers to the

Presence of pus in a dilated collecting system

Dilation of the renal pelvis with a thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of

hydro

Renal vein thrombosis may be visualized in patients with

renal cell carcinoma

Which one of the following is present in urine whenever extensive damage or destruction of the functioning erythrocytes occurs

hemoglobin

Describe a bladder diverticulum

Herniation of the bladder wall

Dilatation of renal pelvis with thinning of renal cortex is characteristic of

hydronephrosis

In cases of nephrocalcinosis, calcium deposits are usually located in the

medulla

The most common renal neoplasm identified in patients over the age of 50 is a(n)

simple cyst

It is a latent disease until the third or fourth decade of life. It is an autosomal-dominant disease, it may be associated with cysts in liver, pancreas, and spleen

Adult polycystic disease

Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the

splenic artery

The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ. True or false

false, peritoneal

Splenomegaly may result from all of the following except trauma, congestion, subphrenic abscess, or collagen vascular disease

subphrenic abscess

Splenomegaly may be a result of

Inflammatory processes, metastatic disease to the spleen, polycythemia vera

In the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears

enlarged

Normal sonographic texture of the spleen is

Hyperechoic when compared with the liver

The correct anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen is

The left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen

Functions of the spleen are

Production of plasma cells, Production of lymphocytes, Destruction of WBC

The splenic artery is located

on the superior margin of the pancreas

Anterior displacement of the splenic vein can be caused by

Left adrenal hyperplasia

The major focal defects in the spleen may be caused by

Tumors, infarction, cysts

The most common benign neoplasm in the spleen includes

Cavernous hemangiomas, cystic lymphangiomas, hamartomas

A splenic rupture has been reported in patients with

hemangioma

Primary tumors that may cause metastasize to the spleen include

melanoma, ovary, lung

What is the easiest patient position and sonographic technique used to demonstrate splenomegaly

The spleen normally measures less than 13cm on a longitudinal decubitus scan

With splenomegaly, the left kidney may be displaced

inferior

What sonographic signs are present in a patient with histoplasmosis

Calcifications which are bright echoes on ultrasound

Which one of the following symptoms is the most symptom in patients with a splenic hamartoma? Asymptomatic, Epigastric pain, Abdominal pain, Right upper quadrant pain

asymptomatic

The most common location of an accessory spleen is near the

hilum

The most common benign neoplasm of the spleen is a

cavernous hemangioma

A spleen that has migrated from its normal location is termed

wandering spleen

The major function of the spleen: Hematopoiesis, fight infection, manufacture leukocytes, or to filter peripheral blood

to filter peripheral blood

Hemangiosarcoma involving the spleen frequently metastasizes to what organ

liver

A congenital anomaly of the spleen associated with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and biliary anomalies is most consistent with

polysplenia syndrome

Atrophy of the spleen may be found in all of the following except: Normal individuals, Wasting diseases, Sickle cell anemia, or Cirrhosis

cirrhosis

Patients with a history of portal hypertension have an increased risk of developing a splenic

artery aneurysm

an abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of an

internal hemorrhage

in the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears

enlarged

T or F: the spleen produces hepatocytes

false

splenic infarction is most commonly the result of

cardiac emboli

other areas that should be examined when ruling out splenic rupture include all of the following except the

pericardium

what sonographic signs are present in the patient with histoplasmosis

bight echoes

which one of the following is the most common clinical presentation in the patient with splenic hamartoma

asymptomatic

the major function of the spleen is

filter peripheral blood

a congenital obstruction found in utero and in infants is called

UPJ

the most common solid renal mass found in childhood is

Wilm’s tumor

in cases of nephrocalcinosis, calcium deposits are usually located in the

medulla

a dilated renal pelvis without ureteral dilation is observed in patients with

UPJ obstruction

renal vein thrombosis may be visualized in patient with

renal cell carcinoma

ureteral jets are not visualized in patient with

obstruction

which is present in urine whenever extensive damage or destruction of the functioning erythrocytes occurs

hemoglobin

a triangular-shaped defect located anteriorly in the upper pole of the kidney most likely represents

junctional parenchymal defect

the left renal vein courses ________ to the aorta

anterior

the normal bladder wall should be smooth and thin and measure between ________ mm

3-6

the vessel seen posterior to the IVC on the sagittal scan represents the

right renal artery

dilation of the renal pelvis may be caused by all of the following except

oliguria

a rare and serious disorder resulting from excessive production or cortisol

cushing’s

most common fusion of the kidneys in which the lower poles typically connect across the midline anterior to the aorta

horseshoe

parapelvic cysts are located in the

renal sinus

massive splenomegaly is most likely the result of

portal hypertension

a chronic disease of unknown causes that involves all bone marrow elements is

polycythemia vera

renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the IVC via the

renal vein

inherited disease which usually presents in the second to third decade of life with serious visual impairments

von Hippel Lindau disease

multisystem genetic disease with seizures, mental retardation, and facial angiofibroma’s

tuberous sclerosis

left sided predominance associated with biliary atresia, cardiac affects, intestinal malrotation

polysplenia