Lecture on Cartilage

A collection of flashcards covering key terminology and concepts related to cartilage and its characteristics.

Cartilage

A type of connective tissue with a semi-solid matrix that provides support and flexibility.

Chondrocytes

Mature cartilage cells that help maintain the cartilage matrix.

Extracellular Matrix

The network of proteins and molecules that provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells, consisting of fibers and ground substance.

Hyaline Cartilage

The most abundant type of cartilage, with a glassy appearance, found in joints, the rib cage, and respiratory tract.

Elastic Cartilage

A type of cartilage that contains elastic fibers, providing resilience and flexibility, found in the external ear and epiglottis.

Fibrocartilage

A tough, dense form of cartilage with thick collagen fibers, found in intervertebral discs and other high-stress areas.

Ground Substance

A component of the extracellular matrix that provides a medium through which nutrients and waste can diffuse.

GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans)

Large, hydrophilic molecules that attract water and provide lubrication and shock absorption in cartilage.

Perichondrium

A dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds cartilage, providing nutrients and aiding in growth.

Appositional Growth

The process of cartilage growth by the addition of new layers of cells from the perichondrium.

Interstitial Growth

The process of cartilage growth from within by the division of chondrocytes and secretion of new matrix.

Osteoarthritis

A chronic condition that involves the gradual loss of hyaline cartilage in joints, leading to pain and inflammation.

Lacunae

Small spaces within the cartilage matrix that house chondrocytes.

Collagen Fibers

Protein fibers that provide strength and support to the cartilage matrix, particularly type II collagen in cartilage.

Shock Absorber

The function of cartilage, especially hyaline cartilage, in absorbing impact and pressure in joints.

Territorial Matrix

The matrix immediately surrounding chondrocytes, rich in glycosaminoglycans and poor in collagen.

Interterritorial Matrix

The matrix found further from chondrocytes, richer in collagen and less basophilic than the territorial matrix.

Chondroblasts

Cells that produce the cartilage matrix and differentiate into chondrocytes.