civil rights test

What was Plessy v. Ferguson?

A Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.

What was the Double V Campaign?

A movement calling for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home.

Who was Isaac Woodard?

A Black WWII veteran brutally beaten by police, sparking outrage and civil rights activism.

What did Executive Order 9981 do?

Ended segregation in the U.S. armed forces.

What were lynchings?

Violent mob killings, often used to terrorize Black Americans in the South

Who was Emmett Till?

A 14-year-old boy murdered in Mississippi; his death galvanized the Civil Rights Movement.

What was Brown v. Board of Education?

A ruling that declared school segregation unconstitutional.

What was the Birmingham Children’s Crusade?

A youth-led protest against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.

What was Bloody Sunday?

A violent attack on civil rights marchers in Selma, Alabama.

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A year-long protest against segregated buses.

What were the Tampa lunch counter sit-ins?

Protests against segregated lunch counters in Florida.

Who was Claudette Colvin?

: A teen who refused to give up her bus seat before Rosa Parks.

Who was Rosa Parks?

Her refusal to give up her seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Who was Malcolm X

A leader who advocated for Black empowerment and self-defense.

What was the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing?

A racist bombing in Alabama that killed four girls.

What is the Nation of Islam?

A group promoting Black self-reliance and empowerment.

What was the Black Panther Party?

A group focused on self-defense and community programs.

Who was Fred Hampton?

: A leader of the Black Panther Party in Chicago