Pakistan's Political History

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the political history of Pakistan, as detailed in the lecture notes.

Geographical Problem

The distance between East and West Pakistan created logistical challenges for governance, being 1000 miles apart.

Refugee Problem

Mass migration during the Indo-Pak partition led to significant refugee crises and resource shortages in Pakistan.

Awami League

A political party in Pakistan that won a majority in the 1970 elections, leading to political tensions with West Pakistan.

Constitutional Crisis

Period of political instability in Pakistan characterized by multiple dismissals of governments and inability to establish a stable constitution.

Martial Law

A form of military rule that was imposed at several points in Pakistan's history, most notably under Ayub Khan and Zia-ul-Haq.

Islamization Reforms

Policies implemented by Zia-ul-Haq aimed at establishing an Islamic framework in the governance and legal systems of Pakistan.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Former Prime Minister of Pakistan who introduced various reforms but faced allegations of corruption, resulting in his downfall.

Kashmir Conflict

A long-standing territorial dispute between India and Pakistan that arose from the partition and remains a significant issue today.

Indus Water Treaty

A treaty signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan concerning the management of water resources of the Indus River system.

Economic Reforms

Initiatives led by different governments to boost the economy of Pakistan, including privatization and industrial policies.