Theology 12-16

Indefectibility

The Church will remain faithful to Christ’s mission

Apostolic Succession

Unbroken line of bishops from the Apostles

Pope

Successor of St. Peter

Bishops

Shepherds of the Church in communion with the Pope

Hierarchy of the Church

Pope, Cardinals, Bishops, Priests, Deacons, Laity

One

The Church is united in faith and structure

Holy

The Church is sanctified by Christ

Catholic

The Church is universal

Apostolic

The Church is founded on the Apostles

Nicene Creed

Summary of core Catholic beliefs

Council of Nicaea

Defined Christ as fully God

Council of Constantinople

Completed the Nicene Creed

Mass

Central act of Catholic worship

Liturgy of the Word

God speaks through Scripture

Liturgy of the Eucharist

Christ’s sacrifice made present

Advent

Season of preparation

Christmas

Celebration of Christ’s birth

Lent

Season of penance

Easter

Celebration of the Resurrection

Ordinary Time

Focus on Christ’s public ministry

Moral Theology

How Christians ought to live

Normative Discipline

Concerned with what we should do

Human Dignity

Worth rooted in image of God

Image and Likeness of God

Human beings reflect God

Human Person

Starting point of moral theology

Freedom

Ability to choose the good

Responsibility

Accountability for moral action

Human Act

Action with knowledge and freedom

Act of Man

Action without deliberation

Object of the Act

What is done

Intention of the Act

Why it is done

Circumstances of the Act

Context affecting responsibility

Morally Good Act

Object, intention, circumstances are good

Conscience

Judgment of reason

Formed Conscience

Conscience shaped by truth

Virtue

Stable disposition to do good

Prudence

Right judgment

Justice

Giving what is due

Fortitude

Courage in difficulty

Temperance

Moderation and self‑control

Theological Virtues

Faith, Hope, Charity

Beatitude

True happiness in God

Social Dimension of Morality

Moral life affects society

Common Good

Conditions for human flourishing

Catholic Social Teaching

Church teaching on social life

Solidarity

Responsibility for others

Subsidiarity

Decisions made at lower levels

Preferential Option for the Poor

Special concern for the vulnerable

Sacrament

Outward sign of grace

Seven Sacraments

Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing, Matrimony, Holy Orders

Sacraments of Initiation

Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist

Sacraments of Healing

Penance, Anointing of the Sick

Sacraments of Service

Matrimony, Holy Orders

Matter

Physical element of a sacrament

Form

Essential words of a sacrament

Minister

One who administers a sacrament

Recipient

One who receives a sacrament

Sacramental Grace

Grace given through sacraments

Indelible Mark

Permanent spiritual mark

Validity

Sacrament truly occurs

Liceity

Sacrament celebrated lawfully

Baptism

Gateway to sacramental life

Water

Matter of Baptism

Trinitarian Formula

Form of Baptism

Confirmation

Sacrament of strengthening

Sacred Chrism

Matter of Confirmation

Seal of the Holy Spirit

Effect of Confirmation

Eucharist

Source and summit of Christian life

Unleavened Bread

Matter of Eucharist

Grape Wine

Matter of Eucharist

Words of Institution

Form of Eucharist

Transubstantiation

Change of substance

Real Presence

Christ truly present

Penance

Sacrament of forgiveness

Contrition

Sorrow for sin

Confession

Admission of sins

Absolution

Words of forgiveness

Satisfaction

Penance assigned

Anointing of the Sick

Sacrament for the ill

Oil of the Sick

Matter of Anointing

Viaticum

Eucharist near death

Holy Orders

Sacrament of ordained ministry

Episcopate

Order of bishops

Presbyterate

Order of priests

Diaconate

Order of deacons

Indelible Mark of Orders

Permanent configuration to Christ

Matrimony

Sacrament of marriage

Spouses as Ministers

Couple confers sacrament

Marriage as Covenant

Sacred lifelong union

Mariology

Study of Mary

Immaculate Conception

Mary preserved from original sin

Perpetual Virginity

Mary virgin before, during, after birth

Divine Motherhood

Mary is Mother of God

Theotokos

God‑bearer

Nestorian Heresy

Jesus as two persons

Council of Ephesus

Condemned Nestorianism

Assumption

Mary taken to Heaven body and soul

Annunciation

Gabriel announces God’s plan

Mary’s Fiat

Mary’s free yes

New Eve

Mary reverses Eve’s disobedience