Forms Exam

_______ is the pilot who is ultimately responsible for the mission objectives and the safe and orderly conduct of the flight

Designated Flight Lead

The ____________ is the pilot physically at the controls in the lead position and is responsible to the immediate conduct of the flight.

Formation lead

Lead should be conscious of the _____ position relative to wing and should limit their exposure

Sun's

What is the wings primary attitude reference?

Lead

When wing is forward of the bearing line they are _______

Acute

When wing is aft of the bearing line they are ______

Sucked

For all formation flying which is most important?

Altitude? Bearing? Or Closure?

Altitude (for the love of god if you remember anything. Remember this)

If lead turns away from wing. Wing needs ____

More power

If lead turns into wing. Wing needs ____

Less power

For Lead pursuit, the nose is positioned in front of the other aircraft's flight path. This will develop an _____ line-of-sight.

Aft

______ is achieved by putting Wing's nose on Lead's aircraft. There is no line-of-sight movement.

Pure pursuit

Lag Pursuit is used to maintain or increase nose to tail separation and eventually develops a _____ LOS

Forward

Remember Pure Pursuit initially closes distance but then closure stops when the fuselages align. Lag Pursuit will maintain or increase separation.

Basically all this is saying is that in Pure Pursuit, at the same speed, you're always driving at the aircraft so eventually when you intercept you'll be in line with each other at a fixed distance away.

This test plays SO MANY games like this. It's page 1-6 in the FTI if you want to see it verbatim

Keys to successful formation flying

Relax, trim, scan

What's a three part correction?

1. Add power 2. Reduce power 3. Reset power (somewhere in the middle)

Each formation flight will utilize designated and pre-briefed ______

Tactical frequencies

How many pre-briefed tactical frequencies are there?

4. Primary/secondary (2) UHF and (2) VHF

Every time a tactical frequency is changed it requires a ______

Positive check-in ("switch TAC" vs "push 12").

FTI 1-8/1-9

Radio switches with positive check-ins should never be conducted over _____

ATC or other controlling agencies. This is to limit comms on saturated communications frequencies.

The _____ will conduct all comms with outside controlling agencies.

Formation lead

When shouldn't you use hand signals?

When in IMC or anytime there is confusion in position change or configuration

If visually passing frequency changes do so when...

The aircraft is stable. Generally parade. For ANY frequency change (even if not given by hand signals) be stable.

Execute visual signals _____

High on the canopy, away from the face, and in clear view. Exaggerate

Lead always uses the ______ fuel state for planning purposes

Lowest

_______ fuels can be adjusted as needed during flight

Joker, Bingo and Divert

example of a fuel change call

Lead: "CS, set BINGO 410" verbalizing four, one, zero

Wing: "CS 410"

Joker and Bingo correspond to _____

Particular phases of flight. You always set the new fuel state once a new phase of flight commences. DOES NOT MEAN THAT YOU HAVE TO HIT A FUEL STATE BEFORE SWITCHING, YOU SWITCH FOR PHASES OF FLIGHT.

On the ground if your aircraft are not parked right next to each other it is imperative to _____

Immediately set the briefed VHF TAC freq once the battery is on

On the ground will lead grab ATIS for the both aircraft?

No. Each plane monitors and gets ATIS. Lead calls clearance and both will copy clearance, and transponder.

_____ will set appropriate squawk and leave transponder in "standby"

Wing

When will wing turn TCAS on and transponder to ALT?

If flight separates due to weather or PEL

How is trail taxi set and what's the spacing?

Set by wing taxiing directly behind lead. Spacing is no closer than 1 plane length (leads wingspan fills HUD)

Staggered taxi is generally allowed after the ____

Run up when the taxiway width and local SOP or Course rules allow

Staggered Taxi Separation

1-2 plane lengths behind lead

Wings SHALL NOT ______ in the run up area

OVERLAP

In the runup, each aircraft will individually complete the _____

Overspeed governor and before takeoff checklist

Only after both overspeed governor/before takeoff checklists and _______ are complete each aircraft will signal a "thumbs up"

Integrity checks

Integrity check

Fuselage, Wing, Gear (2-3 for specifics)

Radio switch to tower happens when?

Hold short line

Leads position on the runway will always be ____

Downwind

When does wing taxi out onto the runway?

Once they are certain which side lead is going to.

Proper line up spacing for wing?

Leading edge of wing is in line with trailing edge of horizontal stabilizer

Interval takeoff runway width minimum?

100 feet

During interval takeoff. Wing begins takeoff roll _____ seconds later to allow for _____ of separation.

5, 1000 feet

In an interval takeoff, if lead aborts does wing abort?

Yes.

If wing aborts in Interval takeoff, when do they transmit the abort over the radio?

After lead is safely airborne

In interval takeoff, is wings abort transmission essential?

No.

On climb out (after clearing the pattern), lead will set _____ torque and climb at ______ KIAS. (8-10° nose high)

80% and 160 KIAS

If a turn is required by lead after takeoff. It is limited to _____ AOB unless directed otherwise

30°

On departure, wing will move to the _____ of any departure turn to expedite the join.

Inside

Wing will maintain no more than _____ KIAS of closure until joined

40 KIAS

In a Running Rendezvous (joining up to lead on course), wing will _____ the side they are established on and continue with the Rendezvous using _____

Maintain the side. Using power.

In a Running Rendezvous as wing, place lead _____ initially for appropriate step down until exhaust stacks are visible.

Just above the horizon

Proper step down (for everything. Know this verbatim-ish)

Leads exhaust stack tangent to the leading edge of leads wing

Never approach lead from the _____ position

6 o'clock

Running Rendezvous ends in what position?

Parade

Purpose of an underrun?

Allows wing to get out of an unsafe position during the rendezvous phase, stabilize, then return.

Do an underrun for these 5 situations

1. Wing develops excessive closure rate

2. wing becomes excessively acute

3. wing gets acute close to lead and cannot use AOB corrections

4. wing feels uncomfortable

5. directed by flight lead

Wings level underrun

Lower, idle, lateral

Turning underrun

Lower, level, idle , (pass below and behind lead)

Only way to return to the inside of leads turn after an underrun?

Wing IP requests "back in"

when returning on the outside of a turn the IP does not request. You just join back up

Minimum runway width/winds for section takeoff?

150 feet. 10 knt dry/ 5 knt wet CW

Minimum visibility for section takeoff?

Circling minimums or 1000'/ 3 SM if non-precision approach is not available

In section takeoff, Chopping rate of leads arm is should match the ____

Rate at which the PCL advances after the chop

Power for section takeoff?

90% (over 5 seconds)

In section takeoff. If wing goes acute after brake release what do they do?

Lower power first but Lightly tap the brakes one at a time if necessary. (Don't tap brakes for bearing)

Lead smoothly raises nose at _____ knots prior to rotation speed to do what?

80-85 knots. Allows for complete nose strut extension.

During section takeoff, If wing is stepped up to lead should they lower the nose to correct?

No. Do not lower nose. Allow lead to climb past you.

In a section takeoff do both aircraft abort?

No. Non-aborting aircraft performs a max power takeoff

For instrument departures, one option lead aircraft has is...

Level off in VMC at 160 KIAS and then climb at 180 KIAS (90% power) until VFR on top. Maintaining visibility with the wing.

A second instrument departure if you have separate takeoff clearances is a blind rendezvous which is completed around a "____" and flown at ____ KIAS turning ____

Post. 200 KIAS. Left

If at a blind rendezvous point wing will be _____ below leads altitude

500' below

Three mandatory OPS checks

1. Prior to beginning area profile

2. After lead change

3. Prior to departing working area

Fuel state for OPS checks will always be _____ to the nearest _____ pounds

Rounded down. 10 pounds

base airspeed for lead (most of the flight)?

200 KIAS

Parade turns are generally _____ degrees

180°

The most important checkpoint for Parade?

Altitude

Parade altitude checkpoint

Lead's inboard exhaust stack is fully visible and touching the bottom (tangent) wing

Step-up/step-down is corrected with _____

Forward/aft stick

Parade Bearing checkpoint

Lower uhf antenna over the inboard aileron cutout on the opposite wing.

Bearing corrections

Power for forward/aft and aileron (lateral)

Parade Closure checkpoint

Leads pitot tube on the prop arc

Parade turns require what from wing?

POWER CORRECTIONS

VMC vs IMC Turn aways as wing

VMC you're not changing position in the formation. You just match roll rate with lead. Rotate on your own axis. Checkpoints change

IMC you step up to keep normal parade checkpoints the same. So when the FTI says "rotate about Lead's axis" it means you are rolling but also stepping up. Think of it like a solid line connecting lead to you.

VMC Turn away Altitude checkpoint (the most important one)

Underside of leads fuselage on the horizon

VMC Turn away Bearing checkpoint

Lower UHF antenna in line vertically with the inboard (opposite wing) cutout

VMC Turn away Closure checkpoint

Leads CFS door tangent to trailing edge of wing

IMC turn away checkpoints

Same as parade

Turns into both VMC/IMC checkpoints

Same as parade

Crossunder step down checkpoint (most important)

Exhaust stack tangent to wing (same as parade)

Crossunder Nose-to-tail separation

UHF antenna is over the dihedral bend in the wing

Crossunder lead tracking rate?

No faster than walking pace

Big No-no for crossunders

Wings nose under leads tail

The breakup of the breakup and rendezvous starts with?

Lead performs a level break away from wing for 180°. PCL max and SUFFICIENT G's (no specific number) to maintain 200 KIAS

How will lead signal the Rendezvous of the B&R?

Perform a 45° AOB wing flash before returning to 30° AOB turn on altitude at 200 KIAS

When does wing break in the B&R?

At the 3/9 line abeam then leading edge of Wing's wing (~3 seconds later)

In the B&R, wing should avoid using pcl and only use ______ to get to the join up phase

Pursuit curves

When coming to the join up phase it is most important to keep lead _______

On the horizon (altitude is the most important)

As wing, coming to the join up phase of the B&R, only use _________ AOB

30-45°

Maintain the turn as wing before the B&R join up until what bearing line?

60°