Earth and Space
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28 Terms
Accretion
The process of material clumping together in the protoplanetary disk
Capture
The process of a planet’s gravity capturing a moon, generally irregular shaped
Collision
The process of debris from one or more large objects colliding with a planet and forming a moon
Absolute Magnitude
A measure of brightness of an object, the apparent magnitude that the object would have if it were located at a distance of 10 parsecs (32.6 light years) from earth
Apparent Magnitude
A measure of brightness as seen from earth
Prograde motion
An object rotating anticlockwise
Retrograde motion
An object rotating clockwise
Irregularly shaped object
The object does not have enough mass
Spherical object
The object has enough mass to be formed into a sphere
The first stage of a star
Nebula or GMC
The second stage of a star
Protostar
What happens after a protostar
Depending on mass, the star can become; A red dwarf, 0.1Msun, A sun sized star, 1-5Msun, a large star, 10Msun, a massive star, 30Msun (All main sequence)
What happens after a red dwarf
White dwarf
What happens after a white dwarf
Black dwarf
What happens after a sun-sized star
Red Giant
What happens after a red giant
Planetary Nebula
What happens after a planetary nebula
White dwarf
What happens after a large or massive star
Super giant
What happens after a super giant
super nova
What happens after a supernova
Depends on mass, large massed stars turn into blackholes, while smaller ones turn into neutron stars
What can be formed around a protostar
Planets
Where do planetesimals start
Protoplanetary disk around the protostar
What is the frost line
The line between the hot side near the planet and the cold side away from the planet
Planetesimals
Rocky and metal on the hot side of the frost line, Gas and metal on the cold side of the frost line
What happens to the rocky planets
They are formed from accretion, they form into a molten sphere, and the denser material sinks into the middle and creates a core
What happens to the gas planets
They are formed from accretion, they clump together and the hydrogen and helium gases are gravitationally attracted to the new planet
What is a gas planet called
Gas giant
What is a rocky planet called
Terrestrial