Solutions Quiz

Solution

A homogenous mixture

Solubility

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature

Solvent

The substance that does the dissolving

Solute

The substance being dissolved

How does temperature affect the solubility of a solid

Higher temps increase solubility

How does temperature affect the solubility of a gas

Higher temperature decreases solubility

How does pressure affect the solubility of a gas

More pressure= more gas dissolved

Why does oxygen pull electrons closer in a water molecule?

It is more electronegative than hydrogen

Dipole

A molecule with one positive end and one negative end

Where is the partial negative charge in a water molecule

Near the oxygen

Where are the 2 partial positive charges in a water molecule

Near the hydrogens

How do water molecules attract each other

Hydrogen bonds

What type of force are hydrogen bonds

Intermolecular

Characteristics of water

High surface tension, high boiling point, and the ability to dissolve many substances

What do polar solvents dissolve

Polar solutes

What do nonpolar solvents dissolve

Nonpolar solutes

When will a solute dissolve

When the attractions between solute particles and solvent particles are strong enough to pull the solute apart.

What does polarity determine

Whether substances can mix

Unsaturated

More solute can be dissolved

Saturated

Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute

Supersaturated

Temporarily holds more solute than normally possible.

Characteristics of a supersaturated solution

Crystals form easily and is unstable

How to calculate Molarity

Moles of solute/liters of solution