eosino, baso, mono, lympho

eosinophil myelocyte

• large, pale, reddish-orange secondary granules

• blue cytoplasm

• the nucleus is same with neutrophil myelocytes

• eosinophil metamyelocyte and bands

• resemble their neutrophil counter parts with respect to their nuclear shape

mature eosinophil

• bilobed nucleus

• cytoplasm and refractile, orange-red

eosinophil kinetics

• mature from the marrow is about 3.5 days

• once in the circulation, eosinophils half like is 18 hrs, however the half life is prolonged when eosinophilia occurs

immature basophils

• round and lobulated nuclei with slightly condensed chromatin

• nucleoli may or may not be present

• cytoplasm is blue

• granules is large blue-black secondary granules, water soluble

mature basophils

• lobulated nucleus

• chromatin is clumped

• cytoplasm is colorless

• granules is large blue-black, if any granules have been dissolved during the staining process they often lesve a reddish purple rim

basophil kinetics

• life span is 60 hours

• they are relatively longer than the other granulocytes

monoblast

• normal in bone marrow that are very rare and are difficult to distinguish from myeloblast

• malignant monoblasts are seen in acute monoblastic leukemia

promonocytes

• 12-18 um in diameter, nucleus is slightly indented or folded

• cytoplasm is blues contains scattered azure granules

mature monocytes

• 15-20 um in diameter, larger than neutrophils

• nucleus may be round, oval, kidney shaped, but more frequently is deeply indented (horseshoe shaped) or folded

• cytoplasm is blue gray

• granules are fineazure granules or in ground-glass appearance

monocyte kinetics

• in normal condition, promonocytes under two mitotic divisions in 60 hrs to produce a total of four monocytes

• in increased demand of monocytes, promonocytes undergo 4 division to yield a total of 16 monocytes in 60 hrs

• monocytes remain in the circulation approximately 3 days

• once in the tissue, monocytes differentiate into macrophage, osteoclast, or dendritic cells

macrophage

• 40-50 um in diameter

• oval nucleus with a netlike chromatin pattern

• cytoplasm is pale, frequently vacuolated

• their lifespan depends on whether they are responding to inflammation or infection

TH1 cells

• mediate immune response against intracellular pathogens

TH2 cells

• mediate host defense against extracellular parasites, including helminths, they are also important in induction of asthma and other allergic diseases

TH17 cells

• involved in immune response against extracellular bacteria and fungi

Treg cells

• its role is maintaining self tolerance by regulating immune response

CD8 t cells

• effector lymphocytes that are capable in killing target cells by secreting granules that contains gramzyme and perforin or by activating apoptic pathway in the target cell.

• the are also referred to as cytotoxic t lymphocyte

bfu-meg

• least mature

cfu-meg

• intermediate

ld-cfu-meg

• mature

antigen-independent

• bone marrow and thymus

antigen dependent

• spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue