Lab 1 - Cell Division and Mitosis

Binary Fission

a form of asexual reproduction and Cell division in prokaryotes and some protozoa

In binary fission the daughter cell are what to the parent cell

genetically identical

In binary fission, even though the DNA is replicated…

the chromosomes do not require sorting

Mitosis is cell division of which types of cells

eukaryotes

Cell division in eukaryotes requires?

a replication and sorting process

Eukaryotic cells that are destined to divide progress through…

a series of stages known as the cell cycle

In Mitosis, the division of the cell nucleus results in what?

two daughter nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Phases of Mitosis (in order)

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

The cell cycle…

(GSM) - Growth, Synthesis, Mitotic phase (division)

The root tip consists of a…

meristem

Meristem

a region of rapid mitosis, which produces the new cells for root growth

Root Cap

a sheath of cells that protects the meristem from abrasion and damage as the root tip grows through the soil

Regions of elongation and differentiation

the area of the root where cells are not actively dividing. these cells are increasing in size and becoming specialized for a particular function

Interphase

Cell is carrying out its normal life activates. chromosomes become duplicated, daughter cells formed are genetically identical to the parent cell

Early Prophase

1) nuclear envelope begins to disappear

2) nucleolus disappears

3) long fibers of chromatin become evident and begin to condense as visible chromosomes

Late Prophase

1) chromosomes continue to shorten and thicken

2) spindle forms between centrioles

3) centrioles have moved to the poles of the cell

4) kinetochores begin attaching to microtubules

Metaphase

1) spindle fibers attach t the kinetochores of the Chromosomes

2) the chromosomes line up along the cell’s midplane

Anaphase

1) chromatids separate at centromeres

2) on group of chromosomes moves toward each pole

Telophase

1) chromosomes have arrived at the poles

2) the nuclear envelopes being to form

3) cytokinesis produces two daughter cells

Mitosis (karyokinesis)

division of genetic material

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

Cytokinesis happens in which types of cells

animal cells

Cleavage furrow

ring of contractile microfilaments (actin and myosin filaments)

Mitosis and cytokinesis ultimately produce…

two daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell

The two daughter cells produced in mitosis are…

genetically identical to each other

Mitosis ensures…

genetic consistency from one cell to the next

Cell division is the basis for two of the characteristics of living organisms

1) the ability to produce 2) the ability to develop and grow

In prokaryotic cells reproduction is accomplished through a form of cell division called…

binary fission

Mitosis is the form of cell division that…

occurs within somatic cells and it produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

Mitosis is also the by which…

multicellular organisms replace damaged and worn-out cells, develop a fetus, and allows growth of the organism

Interphase can be divided into three subphases

1) Gap-1

2) Synthesis (S-phase)

3) Gap-2

Mitosis can be subdivided into two types of division

karyokinesis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase) and cytokinesis

Division of the nucleus is termed

karyokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm is termed

cytokinesis

In a plant cell what is used to divide the cytoplasm

cell plate

When the cytoplasm divides…

the two nuclei that are produced in karyokinesis are separated into two separate cells called daughter cells