Blood botes

Stem Cell

The precursor cell of all types of blood cells.

Blood Components

Plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%), with buffy coat (1%) consisting of white blood cells and platelets.

Erythrocytes

Another term for red blood cells, which deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

pH of Blood

The normal pH of blood ranges from 7.35 to 7.45.

Albumin

A protein in plasma that helps regulate fluid volume and carries carbon dioxide.

Hemophilia

An inherited condition usually carried by the mother affecting blood clotting.

Erythropoiesis

The process of synthesizing red blood cells, maintained through negative feedback.

Hematopoiesis

The production of blood cells.

Reticulocyte

An immature erythrocyte in the bloodstream.

Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder that requires both parents to carry the trait for its development.

Hemoglobin

The red pigment in blood that carries oxygen and gives blood its color.

Erythropoietin

A hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels to stimulate RBC production.

Hemolysis

The destruction of red blood cells.

Pernicious Anemia

A deficiency in vitamin B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor.

Physiological Jaundice

A condition caused by an immature liver leading to jaundice in newborns.

Blood Doping

A method athletes may use involving transfusions or EPO injections that can lead to polycythemia.

Leukemia

A type of cancer that affects the bone marrow.

Neutrophils

White blood cells that are the first responders to infection, primarily targeting bacteria and fungi.

Hemostasis

The process of blood clotting, initiated by vascular spasm and followed by the formation of a platelet plug.

Prothrombin Activator

Enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin during the clotting process.

Antidote for Heparin

Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin.

Blood Types

Types A, B, O, with type O- being the universal donor and AB the universal recipient.

RH Factor

Determines if blood type is positive or negative; positive can receive negative blood, but negative can only receive negative blood.

Warfarin Monitoring

Requires checking PT/INR; patients should avoid dark leafy greens due to vitamin K.